reply

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Option 1

Social insurance programs have been effective in reducing poverty among elderly and disabled individuals. Social Security, for example, provides a financial safety net for retirees and those with disabilities, reducing their reliance on other forms of assistance. Medicare provides access to healthcare services for millions of elderly and some disabled individuals. This has improved health outcomes for many seniors and alleviated financial burdens related to healthcare(Sherry Glied et al., 2022). Unemployment compensation helps individuals who lose their jobs by providing financial assistance during periods of unemployment, which can stabilize the economy by maintaining consumer spending. These programs serve as a critical social safety net, helping people facing unexpected life events, such as disability or job loss. Social insurance programs can help mitigate income inequality by providing benefits to those in need, particularly in the case of Social Security and unemployment compensation( Greenberg & Page, 2018). Changing demographics, such as an aging population, can place pressure on the sustainability of social insurance programs. As the number of retirees increases relative to the working population, funding challenges can arise. Economic recessions and downturns can strain unemployment compensation programs as more people seek benefits, leading to increased financial burdens on these systems. The effectiveness and funding of these programs can be influenced by political ideology. Some argue for expanding and strengthening them, while others advocate for reducing government involvement and spending.The cost of these programs can be a subject of political debate and fiscal concern, potentially leading to changes in eligibility criteria, benefits, or funding mechanisms. Ensuring the long-term sustainability of these programs often involves adjusting contribution rates, retirement ages, or benefit levels, which can be politically contentious. The effectiveness of Medicare is closely tied to broader debates about healthcare access and costs, which are influenced by socioeconomic factors and political decisions. In essence, the effectiveness of social insurance programs can be seen in their ability to reduce poverty, provide financial security, and act as a safety net during challenging times. However, their sustainability and funding mechanisms are influenced by socioeconomic and political forces. Public policy decisions, demographic changes, and economic conditions all play a role in shaping the future of these programs and determining how well they meet the needs of the population. The effectiveness of these programs will continue to be a topic of debate and policy consideration(Goss, 2010).

                                                            
Reference 

Greenberg, E. S & Page, B. I. (2018).
The Struggle for Democracy, 2018 Elections and Updates Edition. (12th ed.). Pearson.

Goss, S. C. (2010, August 1).
Social Security Administration. Social Security Administration Research, Statistics, and Policy Analysis. https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v70n3/v70n3p111.html 

Sherry Glied, K. A., Elizabeth Lee, S. M., & Kinder, M. (2022, March 9).
The social insurance system in the US: Policies to protect workers and Families. Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-social-insurance-system-in-the-u-s-policies-to-protect-workers-and-families/ 

 

Evidence in clinical Practice

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Please see the attachment

behavior project

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Purpose: The purpose of this assignment is to identify common patterns
of social behaviors within a specific social event or a social setting. Your
writing will illustrate your ability to interpret social interactions using
the content from units 1-4.

Activity: Conduct a participant observation procedure by observing a
group/social event. The event could be a trip to a theme park, enjoying a
play at a theater, or a dinner with family at a restaurant. It could also be
attending a religious gathering, hanging out with friends at a coffee
shop, attending a sports event like a baseball or a basketball game,
celebrating a cultural holiday, or attending a meeting at your workplace.
This is NOT a reflection of a past event. the observation of behaviors
must be conducted within 2 weeks of the deadline.

First, write a few sentences about the activity itself including what the
event was, how long it was, and why you chose it. Next, summarize your
observations and describe any behaviors that stand out. Discuss your
thoughts on the common social interaction patterns between the people.
Your writing should illustrate how the observation activity facilitated
your understanding of human behaviors. You should use 2-3 relevant
concepts from at least two different chapters from Units 1-4. The paper
should 2-3 completed pages, excluding the title and the references pages.

Use APA format throughout the paper including for the Title page, and
references and in-text citations

This criterion is linked to a Learning
OutcomeAPA guidelines

10 pts
No Descrip.on
Showcases effec:ve wri:ng and
correct grammar; Adheres to APA
forma>ng and stylis:c guidelines.
8 pts
No Descrip.on
Few/minor issues present with
wri:ng, grammar, and APA
forma>ng. 6 pts
No Descrip.on
Mul:ple issues present with
wri:ng, grammar, and APA
forma>ng. 4 pts
No Descrip.on
Significant issues present with
wri:ng, grammar, and APA
forma>ng. 0 pts
No Descrip.on
APA format is missing.

10 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning
OutcomePaper length

10 pts
No Descrip.on
Has 2-3 completed pages of content
and contains all necessary
components. 5 pts
No Descrip.on
Has less than 2 completed pages of
content and all necessary
components. 0 pts
No Descrip.on
Has only a page of content.

10 pts

Total Points: 100

Disscusion Boards Ethics in Healthcare

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Week 1 Discussion 1

.

Reflect upon the survey you took(Questions survey pictures attached ) In your initial response, address some of the following questions. Explain your answers.

· Did you find it easy to make confident and decisive decisions with several strongly agree or strongly disagree answers, or did you select mostly moderate responses?

· Did any subject areas trigger personal emotions or issues?  If so, do you feel you were able to remain objective? 

· Were any of the decisions especially difficult to make?

· Did you employ any critical thinking or resolution strategies to determine a response?

· Did you rely on policy or legal parameters to make your decisions? 

· Would you be comfortable making your answers to the survey public, or do you prefer anonymity?

· Have you dealt with similar situations and could you perceive similar situations occurring in your clinical practice?

· How might a moral inventory such as this survey impact your clinical practice?

· Compose at least 2-3 paragraphs all in APA format with proper references.

Week 1 Discussion 2

Identify examples of active and latent errors (Errors in Medicine ) . Provide examples from your clinical experience, if possible. How can such errors be avoided to support better patient care?

Compose at least 2-3 paragraphs all in APA format with proper references.

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Professional Development Plan

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Assistance please.

Nursing Assignment

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Choose one of the articles below, and address the essay prompt associated with it.

Park, M. (2009). Ethical issues in nursing practice. Journal of Nursing Law, 13(3), 68-77. doi:10.1891/1073-7472.13.3.68

Link:  

Ethical issues in nursing practice Links to an external site.
    

Essay Prompt: Identify primary areas for legal and ethical issues faced by oncology nurses in this study (Park, 2009), and strategies they may have developed to work with those ethical issues.

Or,

Croke, E. (2006). Nursing malpractice: determining liability elements for negligent acts. Journal of Legal Nurse Consulting, 17(3), 3.

Link: 

Nursing malpractice: determining liability elements for negligent actsLinks to an external site.

Essay Prompt: Identify primary problems that led to the malpractice suits (Croke, 2006), and identify the role the nurse played and what the nurse did wrong.

Your 1-2 page paper should include adhere to APA formatting and references/ citations for the article.  Additional sources are optional.

The Role of Competition in Healthcare

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Competition is prevalent in every industry, and healthcare is no exception. You see healthcare competition on a daily basis in the field of healthcare as providers and organizations compete to increase patient volumes and revenue. Review this link regarding healthcare competition from the point of view of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), the government agency charged with regulating and monitoring competition.

Find an example of healthcare competition in your local region. This can include things such as competing provider groups, hospitals, or other services.

  • Discuss what these organizations do to help compete with their competitors and draw in more patients, increase visits, and ultimately increase growth.
  • Describe how this competition benefits the consumer.

sociology discussion post 3

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Respond to two (2) of the following prompts:

  1. Consider the social stratification of your family tree. Compare your social standing to that of your parents and grandparents. If you are unfamiliar with these people, feel free to substitute other family members or acquaintances from other generations. (USLO 3.1)
  2. What social traits did your forebears pass down to you? Is there consistency or inconsistency in your family’s status? Which theoretical approach best describes your family’s social stratification? What changes do you anticipate for your family’s future generation? (USLO 3.1)
  3. Consider your own experiences with social mobility. How do rules, laws, and societal structures promote wealth and poverty? Do you believe that rules, laws, and societal structure have a greater impact on social mobility than individual traits such as a strong work ethic? Do you believe social mobility has decreased or risen in recent years? How could rules, laws, and societal structures impact your future social mobility? What are some strategies for dealing with this future possibility? (USLO 3.2)
  4. What is the relationship between subjective, absolute, and relative poverty and inequality/inequity? Who benefits from poverty, inequality, and inequity? Can policies be enacted to eliminate various forms of poverty and break the cycle of poverty? What are the advantages and disadvantages of enacting such policies? What role does the cycle of poverty play in maintaining social stratification, especially for women through the global feminization of poverty? (USLO 3.3)
  5. Which of the three theoretical approaches (functionalist, conflict, or symbolic interactionist) would you use to explain why healthcare injustice and inequity occurs and what to do about it? (USLO 3.4)
  6. What role does healthcare injustice play in perpetuating the system of stratification? How does the healthcare system maintain social stratification? Is healthcare injustice harming our society as a whole? (USLO 3.4)

w9answer1II

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respond to the topic,(Peripartum depression) say I agree with what you said for this and for this. and add information that deals with the same thing but is not mentioned in that work, the answers that have an argument…

at least 3 references

Peripartum Depression

Women who are depressed during pregnancy have higher rates of use of alcohol, illicit substances, and tobacco in pregnancy, with poorer nutrition and weight gain, and lower rates of prenatal care. Untreated depression in pregnancy increases the risk of low birth weight, preterm birth, and neonatal intensive care unit admission (Konstanatinou et al 2020). Peripartum Depression is one of the most common disorders of pregnancy. It has a higher morbidity and mortality risk than any other condition affecting pregnant people. Symptoms of peripartum depression persist for more than two weeks and include anhedonia, decreased energy, reduced appetite, and poor concentration (Justesen & Jourdaine, 2023).

·
Recommend one FDA-approved drug, one off-label drug, and one nonpharmacological intervention for treating your chosen disorder in older adults or pregnant women.

SSRIs are the first choice for moderate to severe peripartum depression treatment. In a randomized controlled trial comparing antidepressants with community-based psychosocial intervention for peripartum depression, SSRIs were superior, with a number needed to treat at four weeks.  Postpartum women can be sensitive to medications because of hormone effects on liver enzymes, increased volume of distribution, and increased levels of drug-binding proteins; therefore, some experts recommend starting a medication at one-half of the regular dose and titrating slowly. In contrast, pregnant women often require higher doses of medications because of larger volumes of distribution (Skånland, & Cieślar-Pobuda,2019).

SSRIs are off-label and prescribed for the treatment of bulimia nervosa leading to trials to evaluate their effect on binge eating disorder. Antidepressants that have shown promising results include 
bupropionLinks to an external site., 
duloxetineLinks to an external site., 
escitalopramLinks to an external site., 
fluvoxamineLinks to an external site., fluoxetine, imipramine, 
sertralineLinks to an external site., and 
venlafaxineLinks to an external site..  

lisdexamfetamineLinks to an external site.
, a 
prodrugLinks to an external site. of D-amphetamine, is the only FDA-approved medication for binge eating disorder and should, as a rule, be preferred over antidepressants.

A nonpharmacological intervention for treating peripartum depression is psychotherapy. Nonpharmacologic treatment strategies are similar to prevention strategies, with the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommending referral for psychotherapy as the mainstay of treatment. Cognitive behavior therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy are the best studied and have the most robust supporting evidence. Group and individual approaches are effective. The two most common psychotherapies include interpersonal therapy (focus on improving social interactions and coping skills) and cognitive behavioral therapy (focus on adjusting patients' self-detrimental thought processes). Interpersonal therapy has been shown to improve mood during pregnancy, but cognitive behavioral therapy has only been validated for postpartum depression (Spinelly, 2003).

·
Explain the risk assessment you would use to inform your treatment decision making. What are the risks and benefits of the FDA-approved medicine? What are the risks and benefits of the off-label drug?

Risks of medication use during pregnancy and breastfeeding must be weighed against the risks of untreated or inadequately treated depression. Inadequately treated depression has the potential to progress to active suicidality and can lead to impaired bonding for the birth parent, impaired childhood development, and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth, low birth weight, and hypertensive disorders. Paroxetine might be associated with major malformations, especially cardiac defects. Some evidence is available of an association between neonatal behavioral syndrome and exposure to SSRIs in utero during the last trimester. Infants with continuous exposure to mother's depression and continuous exposure to SSRIs throughout gestation were more likely to be born preterm than were infants with partial or no exposure. Guidelines suggest that SSRIs should be used with caution during pregnancy, and that paroxetine be avoided (Kupfer, Frank & Phillps, 2012).

·
Explain whether clinical practice guidelines exist for this disorder, and if so, use them to justify your recommendations. If not, explain what information you would need to take into consideration.

·
Support your reasoning with at least three current, credible scholarly resources, one each on the FDA-approved drug, the off-label, and a nonpharmacological intervention for the disorder.

Consistent with the goals of the new FDA and Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule, clinicians must consider the risks of untreated illness as well as pharmacotherapy-related maternal adverse reactions, infant outcomes, and birth complications when counseling patients about medications in pregnancy and postpartum. Discussion of dosing requirements during gestation and any adverse effects related to breastfeeding must also be addressed (Betcher et al, 2019). Nurse practitioners and others who prescribe these drugs need to be aware of potential adverse effects and counsel depressed pregnant women appropriately. Some of the possible risks are drug perfusion to the fetus, adverse birth outcomes, neonatal withdrawal syndrome, and impaired child development. Before nurses can help to treat depression, they must first be able to recognize it. To screen for depression, it is important to be clear about the definition, risk factors, and comorbidity of depression in pregnant women.

SSRI antidepressant use in the final trimester also has been associated with 

persistent pulmonary hypertensionLinks to an external site.
 in the newborn. Researchers utilizing the Medicaid Database with nearly 3.79 million pregnant women compared outcomes of women taking an SSRI, another class of antidepressant, or no antidepressant in the last 90 days of pregnancy. Pregnant women who discontinued their antidepressants proximal to conception were nearly three times more likely to suffer a recurrence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy than women who continued their medication. Small case series studies show that the concentrations of the SSRI 
fluoxetineLinks to an external site., 
sertralineLinks to an external site., 
citalopramLinks to an external site., and 
escitalopramLinks to an external site. decrease throughout pregnancy. Doses may need to be adjusted for pregnant women taking SSRIs. Monitoring symptoms frequently, especially in the second and 

third trimestersLinks to an external site.
, and 

dose increasesLinks to an external site.
 with early symptoms of relapse is a strategy to avoid symptom recurrence (Ververs et al, 2009).