500 words, formatted and cited in the current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources.
The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) formed its no-pay policy based on the growing work of National Quality Forum (NQF) of “never events.” Meaning, CMS will no longer pay for certain conditions that result from what might be termed poor practice or events that should never have occurred while a patient was under the care of a healthcare professional.
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Women’s and Men’s Health, and Ear, Eyes, and Skin
After reviewing the introduction to ICD-10-PCS coding and the overview of root operations, discuss the purpose of root operations in ICD-10-PCS coding. Why is it so important for coders to be familiar with and memorize the root operations? What are the differences between the main term in ICD-10-PCS coding and the root operation? In your responses, discuss the importance of studying and learning root operations as well as methods you will use to learn the root operations.
Due Week 1 (3 posts are REQUIRED: One original post, then two responses to other students, totaling 3 entire posts. Anything less than 3 entire posts will result in
a mindmap on psychological disorder
Please get back to me for any questions
1. Create a Reply for this discussion also add some references. Plagiarism less than 20 %
Disease Prevention and Management: Hypertension
Hypertension is a major cause of critical conditions such as stroke, myocardial infarction and renal failure. It remains asymptomatic and thus called “silent killer”. Besides medications, lifestyle modifications act as necessary adjunctive treatments. These lifestyle modifications include effective stress management and following suitable diet such as DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet.
Non-Pharmacological/Lifestyle Modification Approaches
Stress Management
Chronic stress is a major contributing factor causing hypertension. Constantly increased stress levels lead to high cortisol and adrenaline levels which cause vasoconstriction of blood vessels. These stress hormones also keep the blood pressure elevated.
Management of stress positively impacts hypertension management. Stress management techniques such as meditation, deep breathing and yoga help patients cope with stress and also improve cardiovascular health. Research by F. Zhang et al. shows that in hypertensive patients, mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) programs have been shown to reduce systolic blood pressure by an average of 4.8 mmHg F. Zhang et al. (2021).
DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet
Heart healthy diets have proven to be very effective for the management of cardiac disorders such as hypertension and heart failure. A prolonged study on DASH diet has given positive results in managing hypertension Onwuzo et al. (2023). This diet involves eating more of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, lean proteins and reducing sodium and saturated fats. People are encouraged to replace processed foods with fresh foods to lower their exposure to salt and unhealthy fats. Reducing sodium intake to less than 2,300 mg per day lowers systolic blood pressure by 5-6 mmHg (Onwuzo et al., 2023). In addition to lowering sodium intake, increasing potassium intake and consuming potassium rich foods such as bananas and spinach have relaxing effect of blood vessels. (Onwuzo et al., 2023).
Impact on disease pathophysiology
The above-mentioned lifestyle measures impact hypertension pathophysiology by:
1. Reducing stress hormones and thus reducing vascular resistance.
2. Reducing sodium causing decreased extracellular fluid volume leading to lower blood pressure.
Role of Nursing
Nurses educate their patients about healthy diets and lifestyles to promote heart health. They are also equipped to provide education on stress management techniques. In addition to that, nurses monitor blood pressures regularly and identify hypertensive patients early in the disease course to prevent further complications. Follow up of medications is also done by nurses to ensure that patients stick to evidence-based treatments.
Conclusion
In conclusion, lifestyle modifications are as necessary as medications in the management of hypertension. Stress management and heart healthy diets are major components of hypertension management. Nurses are pivotal in empowering patients to adopt these changes through education, support, and individualized care plans.
References
Onwuzo, C., O Olukorode, J., Omokore, O. A., Odunaike, O. S., Omiko, R., Osaghae, O. W., Sange, W., Orimoloye, D. A., Kristilere, H. O., Addeh, E., Onwuzo, S., & Omoragbon, L. (2023). DASH Diet: A review of its scientifically proven hypertension reduction and health benefits. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.44692
Zhang, F., Zhang, Y., Jiang, N., Zhai, Q., Hu, J., & Feng, J. (2021). Influence of mindfulness and relaxation on treatment of essential hypertension: Meta-Analysis. Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 2021, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2272469
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Lifestyle Changes for Diabetes Prevention and Management
Dietary Changes and Physical Exercises
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic illness characterized by elevated levels of blood sugar. Lifestyle modifications help manage and prevent the development of Type 2 DM. One lifestyle change Type 2 DM patients are advised to adopt involves making dietary changes. There is no particular diet that offers better management of Type 2 DM. However, Type 2 DM patients are advised to ensure they eat their meals at regular intervals. These meals should consist of high-fiber foods such as fruits and whole grains. They are also advised to avoid eating meals with high concentrations of refined grains and fats. Furthermore, Type 2 DM patients should monitor their carbohydrate intake. This will help them manage their blood glucose levels efficiently. According to research, a low-carb diet helps lower HbA1C levels and offers short-term weight loss (Petroni et al., 2021). For example, by consuming fruits (that contain fibers) in adequate amounts, Type 2 DM patients can manage their blood sugar levels.
Additionally, Type 2 DM patients are advised to engage in regular physical exercise. The healthcare system handles and averts chronic illnesses through adjustments to lifestyle techniques (Oh et al., 2023). By exercising regularly, Type 2 DM patients can improve their muscle capacity. This will ensure that their bodies take in more glucose, preventing the likelihood of elevated blood glucose levels. The exercises they engage in can range from simple ones, such as swimming and walking, to complex ones, such as weightlifting. Resistance exercises such as yoga enhance insulin sensitivity (Syeda et al., 2023). Enhanced insulin sensitivity lowers sugar levels by enabling cells in the bloodstream to absorb blood glucose more efficiently. Engaging in aerobic and resistance exercises for 150 minutes every seven days can help reduce weight by 5-10% (Syeda et al., 2023). Essentially, Type 2 DM patients should limit the time they spend inactive.
Impact of Lifestyle Modifications on Type 2 Diabetes Prevention and Management
In addition to improving glucose level regulation, high-fiber diets consumed by Type 2 DM patients help lower lipid levels in the blood. Digestion may be slowed by soluble fiber’s ability to draw water into the gut and create a gel. This lessens appetite and averts blood glucose spikes after eating. When Type 2 DM patients consume foods rich in fiber, they feel full faster than when consuming other foods, and therefore, their risks of overeating (which could result in weight gain) are reduced. Additionally, engaging in physical activity helps lower blood sugar levels in the body because when patients work out, their muscles become more sensitive to insulin than if they do not. Insulin sensitivity determines the general pace and amount of glucose absorption, which helps maintain circulating glucose levels. Exercise is vital for individuals who are obese because it allows them to manage their weight and hence reduces their chances of developing Type 2 DM as a result of accumulated excessive fats.
Nurses’ Role in Educating and Promoting Diabetes Management Lifestyle Changes
Nurses should offer patient-specific education to help individual patients understand how dietary changes and physical exercises can help them better manage their Type 2 DM. In the treatment and care of patients with diabetes, nurses play a crucial role (Alshammari et al., 2021). Additionally, to ease the process of lifestyle changes, nurses task themselves with helping patients decide on which meals they should consume and which they should avoid. Moreover, to encourage the adoption of engagement in physical exercises by patients at risk of Type 2 DM or those who already have it, nurses should offer advice on which exercises they should engage in. Nurses have more expertise in healthcare than patients; hence, they can help them make more informed decisions. Nurses should regularly monitor patients’ progress to ensure they do not default in adopting the lifestyle changes advised.
References
Alshammari, M., Windle, R., Bowskill, D., & Adams, G. (2021). The role of nurses in diabetes care: A qualitative study. Open Journal of Nursing, 11(08), 682-695. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojn.2021.118058
Oh, S., Kim, E., & Shoda, J. (2023). Editorial: Lifestyle modification strategies as first line of chronic disease management. Frontiers in Physiology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1204581
Petroni, M. L., Brodosi, L., Marchignoli, F., Sasdelli, A. S., Caraceni, P., Marchesini, G., & Ravaioli, F. (2021). Nutrition in patients with type 2 diabetes: Present knowledge and remaining challenges. Nutrients, 13(8), 2748. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082748
Syeda, U. A., Battillo, D., Visaria, A., & Malin, S. K. (2023). The importance of exercise for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. American Journal of Medicine Open, 9, 100031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajmo.2023.100031
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