Assignment 03: Research Topic

HA3300D – Healthcare Policy and Ethics

Assignment 03: Research Topic

Directions

In the Assignment 01, you considered 3 possible topics for the research paper you’ll submit at the end of this course. Today, your challenge is to narrow that list down to just 1 topic, and then to convince your professor that it’s a good one.

But how will you do that? The best research topics are specific, as this video from ProQuest Research Companion explains. Once you have (a) chosen and (b) narrowed your topic, propose it to your instructor.

What to Submit for this Assignment

Your proposal must include:

The original, broad topic with which you started.

The narrower, more specific topic your paper will consider.

Ethical questions and issues this topic raises.

Initial questions you have about this topic.

Your proposal should be 8-10 sentences, formatted in APA style, and use correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation.

Ford paper

Case analysis assignment. Please submit the assignment by clicking on this weeks content folder. A turnitin submission link will appear. Total page length is 2 pages, double spaced. Times New Roman 12 font, 1 in margins. Read the following case in the book : Fords Global Platform Strategy . Pg 624 in ebook (Pls see list of contents in other versions for the Ford case in the book. The title would be the same.) Answer the following questions and refer to concepts from the text in your answers: 1. What strategy was Ford pursuing for competing internationally, (prior to Alan Mulally’s arrival). 2. What changed at Ford after Alan Mulally? 3. Should Ford continue with the global platform strategy or make 

Introductory Speech Outline

 

Introductory Speech Outline

Overview

Strong oral communication skills will be valuable to you  throughout your academic journey. They are in high demand by many  employers. Creating an outline is critical to your success in crafting  an effective speech.

For this assignment, you will create an outline. The speech based on your outline is due next week. 

Instructions

  1. Select either Topic A or Topic B for your introductory speech.        
    • Topic A: Elevator Pitch. Deliver an elevator pitch that  describes your professional background and experience for a potential  employer during a job interview.
    • Topic B: Dream Career. Discuss your dream career.
  2. Create an outline or speaking notes in Microsoft Word.        
    • Download the Sample Outline [DOCX], which provides guidance for the structure of an outline.
    • Focus your speech on 2–3 main points so you’ll stay within the 2-minute time limit.
  3. Submit the completed outline in a Microsoft Word document.

Requirements

Your assignment will be graded according to the following criteria:

  • The outline is complete and on topic.
  • The outline provides solid flow for the speech.
  • The outline is clear and free from spelling and grammar issues.

This course requires the use of Strayer Writing Standards. For  assistance and information, please refer to the Strayer Writing  Standards link in the left-hand menu of your course. Check with your  professor for any additional instructions.

The specific course learning outcome associated with this assignment is:

  • Outline a speech using a structured flow and proper spelling and grammar.

STAT305

 Let X  = (X1,…,Xn) be the blood pressure (measured in mmHg) and let Y = (Y1,…,Yn) be the cortisol level (measured in mcg/dL) recorded for n = 79 patients recruited for a study in a hospital (Xi and Yi are measurements for the same patient). What test is most appropriate to gather evidence towards the alternative hypothesis that blood pressure is associated with cortisol level? Please provide the reasoning in detail for your answer.

A)  The two-sample paired t-test with the null hypothesis that the means of X and Y differ.

B)  The test with the null hypothesis that the Pearson correlation coefficient between X and Y is zero.

C)  The test with the null hypothesis that the regression coefficient is zero in a linear regression with response variable X (blood pressure) and explanatory variable Y (cortisol level).

(5 points)

ii)  Suppose that a treatment is proposed to reduce the duration from the time of infection date, to the time at which a first negative test is recorded in people with mild COVID-19 (call this time period the duration). Suppose that 27 people with mild COVID-19 (the study population) are administered the treatment and 73 people with mild COVID-19 are not administered the

treatment (the control population). Both populations are sampled from patients tested at the same clinic over the same period. Let the durations for the study sample be X = (X1, X2,…), and the durations for the control sample be Y = (Y1, Y2,…). What test is most appropriate to gather evidence towards the alternative hypothesis that the treatment reduces the duration? Please provide the reasoning for your answer. Please provide the reasoning in detail for your answer.

A)  The one-sided two-sample unpaired t-test with H0: The mean of X is greater than or equal to the mean of Y.

B)  The one-sided two-sample unpaired t-test with the null hypothesis that the mean of X is less than or equal to the mean of Y.

C)  The test against the null hypothesis that the Spearman’s ranked correlation coefficient between X and Y is zero.

D)  The one-sided two-sample paired t-test against H0: The mean difference between Xi and Yi is less than or equal to zero.

E)  The two-sided two-sample paired t-test with the null hypothesis that the mean difference between Xi and Yi is zero.

(5 points)

iii)  Road vehicle accidents involving ambulances have more detrimental outcomes than accidents involving other similarly sized vehicles (Ray and Kupas, 2005). Measures to avoid such accidents are continually being refined by organizations involved in emergency medical services. Suppose that a city council is interested in knowing if adoption of such measures has lead to an improvement over the last decade. Suppose that the ratio between the number of accidents 

iv)  involving ambulances (the numerator) and the number of kilometers driven by ambulances (the denominator) has been recorded (rt with units’ number of accidents per kilometer year) for each year t over the past decade. Which single one of the following statistical quantities is most relevant 

for investigating whether or not measures are leading to improvements? Please provide the reasoning in detail for your answer.

A)  The sample standard deviation of rt.

B)  The sample mean of rt.

C)  The Pearson correlation coefficient ρ between rt and t.

D)  The regression coefficient for t in a linear regression with rt as the response variable and t as the explanatory variable.

E)  The regression coefficient for rt in a linear regression with rt as the explanatory variable and t as the response variable.

Problem 2: Bayes’ rule

A study was conducted to assess the sensitivity and specificity of four different human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serology tests (Koblavi-D`eme et al. 2001). The Determine test was among the four, it was developed by Abbott Laboratories (an American provider of health care, medical devices and pharmaceuticals) and was found to have a true negative rate (the true negative rate is also called specificity) of 99.4% and a true positive rate (the true positive rate is also called sensitivity) of 100%. The true negative rate of a test for a disease is the probability that someone without the disease tests negative. The true positive rate of a test for a disease is the probability that someone with the disease tests positive. HIV may be transmitted from an expecting parent to their child by transmission during childbirth or by transmission to the fetus during pregnancy (throughout, assume that there’s no other way for a newborn to be infected). Treatment by the drugs zidovudine or nevirapine has been shown to reduce the rate of these sorts of transmission of HIV by 38% to 50% in the absence of other intervention (Koblavi-D`eme et al. 2001).

a) Suppose that an expecting parent is infected with HIV and they are treated with zidovudine or nevirapine during pregnancy. Suppose that after they give birth, a Determine serology test reports a positive test for HIV. What is the probability that the child does not have HIV? Round your answer to the nearest 10-th of a percent.

 (6 points) 

b) UNAIDS (an organization established by the United Nations Economic and Social Council) estimates the prevalence of HIV in Cˆote d’Ivoire among people aged 15-49 to be 2.6%. If a Determine serology test reported a positive test for HIV in someone selected uniformly at random among all people in Cˆote d’Ivoire aged 15-49, what is the probability that the person does not have HIV? Round your answer to the nearest 10-th of a percent.

(4 points)

c) In the USA, according to the Centers for Disease Control (a public health institute within the United States Department of Health and Human Services), if someone has a positive serology test for HIV they are not diagnosed as HIV-positive until a second follow-up test also yields a positive test result. What is the probability that someone is incorrectly diagnosed as HIV-positive (i.e., if someone is not infected with HIV, what is the probability that their first test and also their second follow-up test are both positive)? Suppose that both tests are Determine serology tests, and also assume that the test results are statistically independent. Express your answer in expected number of events in a million (i.e. something like ‘a 36 in a million chance’ or ‘a one in a million chance’). Also: In one sentence, what is a possible argument as to why the assumption of independence of the two test results might be wrong? (Your argument does not have to be sound, but it must be valid without being tautological).

 (3 points) 

d) What is the probability that an HIV infected expecting parent transmits HIV to their child either during childbirth or through transmitting HIV to the fetus during pregnancy, given that the parent has not received treatment with the drugs zidovudine or nevirapine, and in the absence of other intervention, according to the preamble of this problem (in concordance with Koblavi-D`eme et al. 2001)?

(2 points) Let X  = (X1,…,Xn) be the blood pressure (measured in mmHg) and let Y = (Y1,…,Yn) be the cortisol level (measured in mcg/dL) recorded for n = 79 patients recruited for a study in a hospital (Xi and Yi are measurements for the same patient). What test is most appropriate to gather evidence towards the alternative hypothesis that blood pressure is associated with cortisol level? Please provide the reasoning in detail for your answer.

A)  The two-sample paired t-test with the null hypothesis that the means of X and Y differ.

B)  The test with the null hypothesis that the Pearson correlation coefficient between X and Y is zero.

C)  The test with the null hypothesis that the regression coefficient is zero in a linear regression with response variable X (blood pressure) and explanatory variable Y (cortisol level).

(5 points)

ii)  Suppose that a treatment is proposed to reduce the duration from the time of infection date, to the time at which a first negative test is recorded in people with mild COVID-19 (call this time period the duration). Suppose that 27 people with mild COVID-19 (the study population) are administered the treatment and 73 people with mild COVID-19 are not administered the

treatment (the control population). Both populations are sampled from patients tested at the same clinic over the same period. Let the durations for the study sample be X = (X1, X2,…), and the durations for the control sample be Y = (Y1, Y2,…). What test is most appropriate to gather evidence towards the alternative hypothesis that the treatment reduces the duration? Please provide the reasoning for your answer. Please provide the reasoning in detail for your answer.

A)  The one-sided two-sample unpaired t-test with H0: The mean of X is greater than or equal to the mean of Y.

B)  The one-sided two-sample unpaired t-test with the null hypothesis that the mean of X is less than or equal to the mean of Y.

C)  The test against the null hypothesis that the Spearman’s ranked correlation coefficient between X and Y is zero.

D)  The one-sided two-sample paired t-test against H0: The mean difference between Xi and Yi is less than or equal to zero.

E)  The two-sided two-sample paired t-test with the null hypothesis that the mean difference between Xi and Yi is zero.

(5 points)

iii)  Road vehicle accidents involving ambulances have more detrimental outcomes than accidents involving other similarly sized vehicles (Ray and Kupas, 2005). Measures to avoid such accidents are continually being refined by organizations involved in emergency medical services. Suppose that a city council is interested in knowing if adoption of such measures has lead to an improvement over the last decade. Suppose that the ratio between the number of accidents 

iv)  involving ambulances (the numerator) and the number of kilometers driven by ambulances (the denominator) has been recorded (rt with units’ number of accidents per kilometer year) for each year t over the past decade. Which single one of the following statistical quantities is most relevant 

for investigating whether or not measures are leading to improvements? Please provide the reasoning in detail for your answer.

A)  The sample standard deviation of rt.

B)  The sample mean of rt.

C)  The Pearson correlation coefficient ρ between rt and t.

D)  The regression coefficient for t in a linear regression with rt as the response variable and t as the explanatory variable.

E)  The regression coefficient for rt in a linear regression with rt as the explanatory variable and t as the response variable.

Problem 2: Bayes’ rule

A study was conducted to assess the sensitivity and specificity of four different human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serology tests (Koblavi-D`eme et al. 2001). The Determine test was among the four, it was developed by Abbott Laboratories (an American provider of health care, medical devices and pharmaceuticals) and was found to have a true negative rate (the true negative rate is also called specificity) of 99.4% and a true positive rate (the true positive rate is also called sensitivity) of 100%. The true negative rate of a test for a disease is the probability that someone without the disease tests negative. The true positive rate of a test for a disease is the probability that someone with the disease tests positive. HIV may be transmitted from an expecting parent to their child by transmission during childbirth or by transmission to the fetus during pregnancy (throughout, assume that there’s no other way for a newborn to be infected). Treatment by the drugs zidovudine or nevirapine has been shown to reduce the rate of these sorts of transmission of HIV by 38% to 50% in the absence of other intervention (Koblavi-D`eme et al. 2001).

a) Suppose that an expecting parent is infected with HIV and they are treated with zidovudine or nevirapine during pregnancy. Suppose that after they give birth, a Determine serology test reports a positive test for HIV. What is the probability that the child does not have HIV? Round your answer to the nearest 10-th of a percent.

 (6 points) 

b) UNAIDS (an organization established by the United Nations Economic and Social Council) estimates the prevalence of HIV in Cˆote d’Ivoire among people aged 15-49 to be 2.6%. If a Determine serology test reported a positive test for HIV in someone selected uniformly at random among all people in Cˆote d’Ivoire aged 15-49, what is the probability that the person does not have HIV? Round your answer to the nearest 10-th of a percent.

(4 points)

c) In the USA, according to the Centers for Disease Control (a public health institute within the United States Department of Health and Human Services), if someone has a positive serology test for HIV they are not diagnosed as HIV-positive until a second follow-up test also yields a positive test result. What is the probability that someone is incorrectly diagnosed as HIV-positive (i.e., if someone is not infected with HIV, what is the probability that their first test and also their second follow-up test are both positive)? Suppose that both tests are Determine serology tests, and also assume that the test results are statistically independent. Express your answer in expected number of events in a million (i.e. something like ‘a 36 in a million chance’ or ‘a one in a million chance’). Also: In one sentence, what is a possible argument as to why the assumption of independence of the two test results might be wrong? (Your argument does not have to be sound, but it must be valid without being tautological).

 (3 points) 

d) What is the probability that an HIV infected expecting parent transmits HIV to their child either during childbirth or through transmitting HIV to the fetus during pregnancy, given that the parent has not received treatment with the drugs zidovudine or nevirapine, and in the absence of other intervention, according to the preamble of this problem (in concordance with Koblavi-D`eme et al. 2001)?

(2 points)

Assignment 03: System Solutions

HA3220D – Health Information Systems

Assignment 03: System Solutions

  Liverty Hospital is ready to move forward with implementing a new EHR system. In Discussion 2.3, you and your team evaluated three different products:

.Waiting Room Solutions

.Practice Fusion EHR

.AllScripts MyWay EHR

Since your evaluation, you have learned that one of the main issues encountered at the hospital is the accessibility of patient information in its specialty clinics, as well as the technical skill level of the clinical staff. So you decide to evaluate one additional product: Waiting Room Solutions Specialty Packs. Look for specialties like allergy & immunology, audiology, bariatric surgery, etc. If you scroll down, you will find different videos within each specialty. 

Based on this new information, and the evaluation you have already completed, make a recommendation of which EHR Liverty should choose. Summarize your recommendation in a 2-page double-spaced paper in APA style. In your recommendation,

.briefly describe the features of this product that differentiate it from others you have evaluated.

.incorporate the product evaluation you did in the Week 2 VoiceThread.

.discuss specific system functions and how they will meet your organization’s needs and requirements.

Incorporate the product evaluation you did in the Week 2 VoiceThread. Discuss specific system functions and how they meet your organization’s needs and requirements.

HR Discussion

Help me answer a question, and you could search source online as references. 

Deliverable 1 – Defining and Categorizing Various Forms of Risk

 

LTD Acceptance is a private property and auto insurance carrier that specializes in sports cars and motorcycles. This organization is owned by LTD Capital, a large equity group with over 15 holdings. LTD Acceptance is the parent company’s single largest holding as it drives 70% of total revenue. Due to the inherent risk involved in that segment of the market, many of LTD Acceptance’s competitors do not offer policies for sports cars or motorcycles. This market segment is underserved which is why the organization has 20,000 active policies for a sports car or a motorcycle.

LTD is headquartered in Houston, TX. LTD does not sell insurance directly to the public. Instead, it uses third-party agents to sell its policies. LTD handles all customer service needs including claims intake, policy services, and general questions. The company operates in four states: California, Texas, Louisiana, and Florida. Currently, LTD does not have an active system in place to ensure that its agents are in fact using LTD guidelines to screen potential policyholders. However, no evidence of negligence has emerged so far as the organization has yet to have a year in which it was not profitable. LTD has also had the good fortune of not suffering losses because of natural disasters or catastrophic events.

In your first days of your new role as the senior risk analyst, you know your first task is to complete a framework for adequately identifying risk exposures. During this process, you realize that many of your counterparts lack the basic understanding of how to identify risks. Your supervisor has come to you and asked for a report outlining the importance of identifying risks to support risk management activities and positively impact the company’s bottom line. If your counterparts do not understand your report, you know that you will have minimal support in your efforts to manage the organization’s risks effectively.

For your report, you have been asked to analyze and address the following:

  • Why is identifying risk exposures significant? What are the ramifications for organizations that fail to properly identify risks they are exposed to?
  • What are the market risks LTD encounters?
  • What business risk does LTD encounter in its day-to-day operations?
  • What compliance and human capital risks might LTD face?
  • How do risk management activities correlate with overall productivity?

The format for your report should be in the business, professional style. For help with this format, please click here.

HR Discussion

Help me answer a question, and you could search source online as references. 

Training and Development

 

For the Unit I Essay, explain the learner-guided approach to training and its effectiveness in meeting organizational training needs. Within your essay, address the points below.

  • Describe training guides, self-directed learning strategies, and the use of smart technology.
  • Describe two to three methods for organizations to harness the use of self-directed training. Why is this important?
  • Explain how technology can be used to enhance the learner-guided approach to training. Select a field of study that interests you, and provide an example of technology being used to enhance the learner-guided approach in that field.

Your essay must be at least two pages in length, not counting the title and reference pages. You are required to use at least one outside source to support your explanation. All sources used, including required unit resources, must be cited and referenced according to APA standards.

Employment Law

 

Read the article “Key Trends in Workforce Management and New Challenges for HR.” located in the Business Source Complete database of the CSU Online Library by clicking the link below:

Moschetto, M. (2013). Key trends in workforce management and new challenges for HR. Employment Relations Today, 40(4), 7–13. Retrieved from https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=93926433&site=ehost-live&scope=site

After reviewing the article, write a critique that addresses and offers your opinion in the following areas:

  • What are the key findings regarding compliance with laws and regulations as a component of workforce management?
  • How does the employer-employee relationship factor into legal compliance with workforce management laws?
  • Reflecting on the unit reading and lesson, does this article consider the various employer-employee relationships as it discusses workforce management? Can the author’s opinions be universally applied to the workforce? Support your position by identifying various types of employers, employees, and employer-employee relationships.

Begin with an introduction that defines the subject of your critique and your point of view. You will first need to identify and explain the author’s ideas. Include specific references that support your description of the author’s point of view.

You should then defend your point of view by raising specific issues or aspects of the argument. Offer your own opinion. Explain what you think about the argument. Describe several points from the article with which you agree or disagree. What evidence from the article, your textbook, or additional sources supports your opinion?

Conclude your critique by summarizing your argument and re-emphasizing your opinion.

Your article critique must be at least two pages, not including the title and reference pages. You must use at least one source other than the above article to support your critique. Adhere to APA Style when constructing this assignment, including in-text citations and references for all sources that are used. Please note that no abstract is needed.