You see a child whose family believes in natural therapy for illnesses (e.g., diet therapy, massage, heat treatments).
How will you incorporate the family’s beliefs into the treatment of a child with an acute upper respiratory infection? With leukemia?
Submission Instructions:
1. Click and choose (1) Case Study below and post answers.
2. Answers must:
-minimum 100 words or more
-Use the standard English grammar and spelling
– Recited references
3. Respond to at least two (2) of your classmates.
4. Responses must:
Use the standard English grammar and spelling
Be substantial.
Do NOT just say, ″I agree″ or ″Good point″.
Reply for the following discussion. at least 150 words, 2 references, APA style, Turnitin less than 10 % and 0% AI.
New pharmacological treatments have been developed in response to the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM). Ozempic (semaglutide) and Mounjaro (tirzepatide) have become important treatment choices among them. (Watanabe at el, 2024).
An estimated $92 billion is spent on healthcare each year in the United States due to overweight and obesity, and adults who are obese have an additional $2505 in medical expenses annually, which are mostly related to morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Minorities are disproportionately affected by obesity, with non-Hispanic Black adults (34.9%) and Hispanic adults (44.8%) having the greatest rates.2. Obesity is made more complex from a health equity perspective since racial and ethnic minorities are linked to worse weight loss treatment response to behavioral, pharmaceutical, and surgical therapies.5. The FDA has approved several glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists that have been associated with significant weight loss, which has sparked interest in demand and cost estimates. (Person at el., 2023)
Being glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), Mounjaro and Ozempic increase insulin secretion, postpone stomach emptying, and decrease hunger. Since tirzepatide (Mounjaro) is a dual agonist, it can potentially increase metabolic effects beyond those of semaglutide (Ozempic), which only targets GLP-1 receptors. It does this by targeting both GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptors. (Watanabe at el, 2024)
Tirzepatide may provide better results in weight loss and glycemic control than semaglutide, according to recent research. Patients on tirzepatide had a 1.8-fold higher chance of losing at least 5% of their body weight, a 2.5-fold higher chance of losing 10%, and a 3.2-fold higher chance of losing 15% of their body weight, according to cohort research conducted on individuals who were overweight or obese. Additionally, tirzepatide significantly increased the average reductions in body weight at 3, 6, and 12 months. (Rodriguez at el, 2024)
Similarly, a randomized clinical trial reported that tirzepatide achieved greater reductions in hemoglobin A1c levels and body weight than semaglutide. The dual agonist activity of tirzepatide is hypothesized to contribute to these enhanced effects. (Frias at el, 20221)
Common side effects of these drugs are mostly gastrointestinal in nature and include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Between the two medications, the frequency of these adverse effects seems to be similar. Concerns have been raised recently, nevertheless, regarding possible severe side effects, such as eyesight issues linked to GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic and Mounjaro. There have been reports of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), which causes abrupt blindness. Even though they are uncommon, these occurrences highlight the need for close observation. (Watanabe at el, 2024)
For individuals with type 2 diabetes and obesity, tirzepatide’s improved effectiveness in weight loss and glycemic management presents a potential alternative. However, when choosing a treatment, factors like cost, patient comorbidities, and possible side effects are very important. For optimal therapy customization, healthcare providers must consider these aspects. The long-term safety characteristics of these drugs must be thoroughly clarified by ongoing research and post-marketing surveillance. (Frias at el, 2021)
The pharmaceutical treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity has benefited greatly by the development of Mounjaro (tirzepatide) and Ozempic (semaglutide). Despite tirzepatide’s increased effectiveness in recent research, clinical judgments must be based on the unique characteristics of each patient as well as any possible hazards. To maximize therapeutic approaches and guarantee patient safety, more research is necessary. (ADA, 2021)
Reply for the following discussion. at least 150 words, 2 references, APA style, Turnitin less than 10 % and 0% AI.
Mounjaro (tirzepatide) and Ozempic (semaglutide) are two groundbreaking therapies for type 2 diabetes and obesity, each offering distinct benefits based on their unique mechanisms of action. While both drugs improve glycemic control and facilitate weight loss, understanding their differences is key to tailoring treatment to individual patient needs.
Ozempic is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that works by stimulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppressing glucagon release, and delaying gastric emptying. These effects stabilize blood glucose levels, particularly after meals, and increase satiety, leading to significant weight loss. The efficacy of Ozempic in lowering hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and reducing body weight has been well documented over several years, making it a trusted option with a well-established safety profile (Wilding et al., 2021).
In contrast, Mounjaro employs a dual mechanism of action by targeting both GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptors. This dual receptor engagement not only enhances insulin secretion and lowers glucagon levels but also appears to drive greater weight reduction. The simultaneous activation of both incretin pathways leads to more robust metabolic effects, which may translate into more pronounced improvements in glycemic control and weight loss for certain patient populations. Clinical evidence suggests that tirzepatide might offer superior reductions in HbA1c and body weight compared to therapies solely based on GLP-1 agonism (Buse et al., 2021).
The benefits of these medications extend beyond glucose regulation. Both drugs contribute to lowering cardiovascular risk factors through weight reduction and improved metabolic profiles. However, the choice between them often depends on individual patient characteristics and treatment history. For instance, patients who have experienced positive outcomes with traditional GLP-1 receptor agonists may continue to see benefits with Ozempic. On the other hand, individuals with severe obesity or those who have not achieved optimal glycemic control might find Mounjaro’s dual-action approach more effective.
Another important consideration is the safety and tolerability of these agents. Both Ozempic and Mounjaro are associated with gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, particularly during the initial phase of treatment or dose escalation. Despite these similarities, the extensive clinical use of Ozempic has provided a more established long-term safety profile, whereas Mounjaro, being newer, continues to be evaluated in broader patient populations.
In conclusion, while both Mounjaro and Ozempic offer significant benefits in managing type 2 diabetes and obesity, their differences in receptor activity and resultant metabolic effects provide clinicians with a diverse toolkit for personalized treatment. The dual mechanism of Mounjaro may offer enhanced benefits for some patients, whereas Ozempic’s established efficacy and safety make it a reliable choice for many. Individualized patient assessment remains essential in selecting the most appropriate therapy.
Directions: Read over the SOAP note and formulate a primary diagnosis. Based on the diagnosis complete the SOAP note with the details that would be expected for the diagnosis. Use UptoDate and/or Dyna MedPlus to find out what is expected from the history and physical, diagnostic workup and management for the diagnosis. Include other peer review resources and and journal articles to support the development of your SOAP note. Complete and attach the evaluation & management score sheet to show how you coded the note for billing in each section.
Case Study: A 45-year-old white man presents to your office complaining of left knee pain that started last night. He says that the pain started suddenly after dinner and was severe within a span of 3 hours. He denies any trauma, fever, systemic symptoms, or prior similar episodes. He has a history of hypertension for which he takes hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). He admits to consuming a great amount of wine last night with dinner .On examination, his temperature is 98°F, his pulse is 90 beats/min, his respirations are 22 breaths/min, and his blood pressure is 129/88 mm Hg. Heart and lung examinations are unremarkable. The patient is reluctant to flex the left knee, wincing in pain at touch, and has passive range of motion. The knee is edematous, hot to touch, and has erythema of the overlying skin. No crepitation or deformity is apparent. No other joints are involved. Inguinal lymph nodes are not enlarged. Complete blood count (CBC) reveals a white blood cell count of 10,900 cells/mm3 and is otherwise normal.
Mrs. Nasser arrived at the urgent-care center with her 16-year-old daughter, who had been experiencing burning upon urination, itching around her genital area, and a high fever. Mrs. Nasser appeared very anxious, explaining to the nurse that her daughter had never had these symptoms before. The nurse tried to calm Mrs. Nasser and asked that her daughter, Samia, get undressed in preparation for a physical examination. Mrs. Nasser appeared concerned and requested that the nurse inform the doctor that she will not allow the doctor to perform a vaginal examination on her daughter.
The nurse explained to Mrs. Nasser that it will be necessary for the doctor to examine Samia so that she can determine the cause of Samia’s discomfort. Mrs. Nasser became extremely agitated and explained to the nurse that in her culture, young girls are not allowed to have a vaginal examination for fear that their virginity will be compromised. Mrs. Nasser insisted that she would not allow her daughter to be examined by the female doctor on duty. Mrs. Nasser requested that the nurse ask the doctor to write a prescription for her daughter’s infection, or else she would leave the clinic immediately.
Discuss the need for institutional review boards (IRBs). How can they potentially affect or impact a study? Give 3 examples.
Discussion posts must be a minimum of 350 words, references must be cited in APA format 7th Edition, and must include a minimum of 2 scholarly resources published within the past 5 years.
Assignment attach below
Module 3 Discussion
What makes a team?
Reflect on your experiences as a member of a clinical team. What makes a team effective or ineffective in terms of achieving expected outcomes for the patients? (Saunders, 2014)
Submission Instructions:
