PAY ATTENTION:  You should  have a specific setting for the population (USE EDERLY PATIENTS) and your intervention should last 8 weeks. Why is there ‘inadequate heart failure management” for patients.

What does the “heart failure management entail? 

Limit the outcomes for your PICOT.

PICOT QUESTION IS ATTACHED

1. Title Page

2. Introduction to your proposed problem: 

– Significance of the Practice Problem: Discuss the identified Practice Problem.

-Introduce the topic of the paper. 

-Describe the health problem. Don’t type “Introduction.”

-Using data and statistics, support your claim that your selected issue is a problem.

– Include your purpose statement and what specifically you will address in your proposed program. 

-Be sure your proposed outcome is realistic and measurable.

3. PICOT- Should be discussed in detail. This section should include your PICOT question but also should provide thorough descriptions of your population, intervention, comparison intervention, outcome, and timing (if appropriate to your question).

The word PICOT is a mnemonic derived from the elements of a clinical research question – patient, intervention, comparison, outcome, and (sometimes) time. The PICOT process begins with a case scenario, and the question is phrased to elicit an answer. P – Patient/Problem I – Intervention C – Comparison O – Outcome T – Timeframe

4. Describe the vulnerable population 

-Discuss the impact of social determinants on health for your selected population.

-What are the risk factors that make this a vulnerable population? 

-Use evidence to support the risk factors you have identified. 

5. Research should be from scholarly journals of evidence-based interventions that address the problem.

-Peer-reviewed research articles not older than five years (all articles must be used in your paper)

6. Proposal 

-Propose addressing the selected health problem using an evidence-based intervention in your literature search to address the problem in the selected population/setting. 

-Include a thorough discussion of the specifics of this intervention which include resources necessary, those involved, and feasibility for a nurse in an advanced role.

-Be sure to include a timeline for the intervention proposed. 

7. Theoretical Framework/Nursing Theory- This section should include the theoretical framework which supports your project. Describe a theory or model to serve as the foundation for your project.

– Overall, you should be able to introduce the problem and why this is significant to the healthcare system. For example: What impact does it have on the patient, community, cost of care, quality of life, readmissions and so forth

-Use appropriate APA 7th Ed. format along with Syllabus outline

-Scholarly, peer-reviewed, and research articles cited should be within the last five years. 

-This section should be 3 pages long (not including the title and reference page).

 -Use proper in-text citations with a properly formatted reference list. 

 -All papers must be written in the 3rd person.

NO MORE THAN 10% PLAGIARISM

USE 3-4 REFERENCES NO OLDER THAN 5 YEARS

THIS COUNT 25 % OF CLASS GO STEP BY STEP CAREFULLY

DUE DATE SEPTEMBER 7, 2023

For this assessment, use the context of the organization where you conducted your interview to develop a viable plan for an interdisciplinary team to address the issue you identified. Define a specific patient or organizational outcome or objective based on the information gathered in your interview.

The goal of this assessment is to clearly lay out the improvement objective for your planned interdisciplinary intervention of the issue you identified. Additionally, be sure to further build on the leadership, change, and collaboration research you completed in the previous assessment. Look for specific, real-world ways in which those strategies and best practices could be applied to encourage buy-in for the plan or facilitate the implementation of the plan for the best possible outcome.

Using the Interdisciplinary Plan Proposal Template [DOCX] Download Interdisciplinary Plan Proposal Template [DOCX]will help you stay organized and concise. As you complete each section of the template, make sure you apply APA format to in-text citations for the evidence and best practices that inform your plan, as well as the reference list at the end.

Additionally, be sure that your plan addresses the following, which corresponds to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. Please study the scoring guide carefully so you understand what is needed for a distinguished score.

• Describe an objective and predictions for an evidence-based interdisciplinary plan to achieve a specific goal related to improving patient or organizational outcomes.
• Explain a change theory and a leadership strategy, supported by relevant evidence, that is most likely to help an interdisciplinary team succeed in collaborating and implementing, or creating buy-in for, the project plan.
• Explain the collaboration needed by an interdisciplinary team to improve the likelihood of achieving the plan’s objective. Include best practices of interdisciplinary collaboration from the literature.
• Explain organizational resources, including a financial budget, needed for the plan to succeed and the impacts on those resources if the improvements described in the plan are not made.
• Communicate the interdisciplinary plan, with writing that is clear, logically organized, and professional, with correct grammar and spelling, using current APA style.
• Length of submission: Use the provided template. Remember that part of this assessment is to make the plan easy to understand and use, so it is critical that you are clear and concise. Most submissions will be 2–4 pages in length. Be sure to include a reference page at the end of the plan.
• Number of references: Cite a minimum of 3 sources of scholarly or professional evidence that support your central ideas. Resources should be no more than 5 years old.
• APA formatting: Make sure that in-text citations and reference list follow current APA style.

1

Unit 11 – Discussion Medications for Pain Management.

Name

Institution

Course Number and Title

Professor

Date

Concerns about the use of opioids for pain management

Many parties are concerned about the use of opioids for pain management because that which makes them effective also makes them dangerous. Opioids work by binding to opioid receptors in the central nervous system and incite a pleasurable sensation while dulling pain when they bind to receptors in the brain. However, opioids have a pleasurable, tempting effect for some, and their continuous use has a high risk of leading to misuse, abuse, and eventual addiction. At higher doses, opioids can cause fatal heart rate and respiration slowdowns, whereas, at lower dosages, they may only make patients drowsy. Increased attention has been brought about by the increasing incidence of opioid use disorder and the related health effects. Opioids are useful for numbing pain, but they have a double-edged impact since they may also cause tolerance, physical dependency, and addiction.

Furthermore, opioid overdose has elevated to a serious public health emergency, grabbing the attention of governments and medical professionals everywhere. Because of the rising death rates associated with opioid overdoses, with over 75% of overdose cases related to opioids in 2021 (CDC, 2021), the U.S. government, in particular, has taken the lead in fighting the opioid crisis. The illegal usage of synthetic opioids like fentanyl has contributed significantly to the rise in opioid overdose mortality observed in recent years. The American government has responded by enacting several laws, tightening prescription regulations, boosting access to alternative medication, and expanding the availability of addiction treatment programs. These efforts indicate a thorough effort to address the many problems related to the use of opioids in pain treatment.

Article “America’s opioid crisis: the need for an integrated public health approach”

The article presents a timely and comprehensive understanding of the opioid crisis in the U.S. and the need for a comprehensive approach to address the crisis. I agree with the article’s overall premise of the vital necessity of implementing an integrated public health strategy to successfully address this issue, particularly in light of the ongoing rise in overdose fatalities and the fall in life expectancy. Notably, I also think it is necessary to use a collaborative approach across different disciplines, such as neuroscience, pharmacology, epidemiology, treatment services, and prevention, and to integrate interventions across diverse settings for a holistic response.

The article highlights four interrelated themes that encompass the essential elements of a successful public health strategy: bridging the gap between implementation science and practice, person-centered approaches for prevention and treatment, social determinants of health and disease, and using data to build learning systems of care. These topics highlight how important it is to address the intricate relationships between biological and social elements and how development affects brain function and sensitivity to outside stimuli. However, one aspect I would add to the article is to emphasize the role that the pharmaceutical industry, companies, and the drive for profit played in the development and severity of the crisis. It is well-documented that companies such as Purdue Pharma marketed opioids aggressively and had sale agents and sponsored doctors who pushed for more prescriptions; this started the cycle of addiction (Arteaga et al., 2021). Therefore, any comprehensive approach to address the opioid crisis requires new legislation that prevents companies from pushing prescriptions for profit.

Disorders commonly associated with patients who also need pain relief

The demand for pain relief and mental health concerns frequently coexist, complicating healthcare situations. Depression and chronic pain are commonly associated and co-occur with anxiety in people with chronic pain problems (Murez, 2021). Psychological and physical distress co-occurrence can intensify pain perception and impede efficient treatment. Because of the complex relationship that exists between depression and chronic pain, treating both conditions at the same time requires an integrated strategy. The co-occurrence of anxiety disorders and chronic pain issues is another significant correlation. Anxiety can cause increased pain sensitivity and intensify one’s subjective perception of pain (Harvard Health Publishing, 2021). Additionally, it may exacerbate avoidance habits, preventing patients from participating in physical therapy or other non-pharmacological pain relief techniques.

MME

The Morphine Milligram Equivalent (MME) is a standardized metric used in the healthcare industry to quantify the strength and equivalence of different opioid drugs and facilitate simpler comparisons of their effects. When opioid doses must be translated to a standard measure for safety, effectiveness, and regulatory considerations, the MME is very helpful in clinical practice and research. An opioid’s potency in relation to a standard, usually morphine, is represented by a conversion factor, which is applied to determine the MME for a particular opioid. A uniform metric helps assess and compare the various amounts of opioids patients are given, facilitating safer and more effective pain management.

Since MME gives medical providers a common standard to discuss and track opioid doses, it is crucial to reduce the dangers associated with opioid medication. Because it enables a more thorough assessment of a patient’s opioid regimen, this method also helps lower the risk of an opioid overdose. In addition to being beneficial for healthcare professionals, MME is also a crucial instrument for legislators, allowing them to create policies and rules that promote safer prescription practices.

References

Arteaga, C., Barone, V., Lleras-Muney, A., Reber, S., Maclean, C., Aslan, M., Kroft, K., Zarate, R., Weisburst, E., Van Effenterre, C., & Price, D. (2021).
The Opioid Epidemic: Causes and Consequences.
http://www.carolinaarteaga.com/s/Opioids_ArteagaBarone_Nov12.pdf

Blanco, C., Wiley, T. R. A., Lloyd, J. J., Lopez, M. F., & Volkow, N. D. (2020). America’s opioid crisis: the need for an integrated public health approach.
Translational Psychiatry,
10(1).
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-0847-1

Centers for Disease Control. (2021).
Understanding the epidemic | CDC’s response to the opioid overdose epidemic |.
https://www.cdc.gov/opioids/basics/epidemic.html

Murez, C. R. (2021).
Chronic Pain and Mental Health: The Empowered Patient’s Guide.
https://www.healthcentral.com/pain-management/chronic-pain-and-mental-health

Publishing, H. H. (2021).
Pain, anxiety, and depression. Harvard Health.
https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/pain-anxiety-and-depression

Stahl, S. M. (2021).
Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology.
https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108975292

Paraphrazing this work for me.

Expand on this explanation and provide an example that supports this explanation or respectfully challenging this explanation and providing an example. 

Cost Benefit Analysis and its Impact on Efforts to Repeal ACA

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 was one of the policies in the Obama administration that caused diverse political reactions among the legislators and the public. This policy attempted to address the social injustices in America by prioritizing healthcare delivery, especially to low-income individuals (McIntyre & Song, 2019). Legislators had divided opinions on implementing these policies, as most of them conducted a cost-benefit analysis on its suitability in resolving healthcare issues. The first attempt to replace ACA was in 2017 with the passing of the American Health Care Act (AHCA). Implementing the latter policy would mean that approximately half of the beneficiaries of the ACA would lose access to affordable healthcare services (Issar & Dilling, 2021). The AHCA also proposed a tax credit based on age, an aspect that would increase the cost of healthcare services. Reelection affected the success and implementation of the AHCA to replace ACA. Most citizens supported the ACA, and legislators had no option but to keep it for their reelection, as legislators who opposed it risked losing their seats.

The voters’ views affect the legislators’ positions on the policy as the voters have the power to reelect them. Milstead and Short (2019) ascertain that voters influence important political aspects and determine their implementation or rejection. The best example of the influence of voters on policy issues was the replacement of ACA with AHCA. The voters supported ACA because it increased accessibility and availability of quality healthcare but repelled the AHCA due to the associated taxes and increased healthcare service costs (Wilensky, 2018; Issar & Dilling, 2021). The legislators in the House of Representatives and Senate need the votes to secure their positions, and disagreeing with the voters’ opinions would disadvantage their political careers (Congress.gov, n.d.; United States Senate, n.d.). Therefore, supporting the policy that the citizens support at higher levels increases the chances of legislators retaining their seats, even when they disagree with the policy’s mandates.

Resources to use:

• Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.
  • Chapter 3, “Government Response: Legislation” (pp. 37–56)
  • Chapter 10, “Overview: The Economics and Finance of Health Care” (pp. 180–183 only)
• Congress.govLinks to an external site.. (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.congress.gov/
• Taylor, D., Olshansky, E., Fugate-Woods, N., Johnson-Mallard, V., Safriet, B. J., & Hagan, T. (2017). Corrigendum to position statement: Political interference in sexual and reproductive health research and health professional education. Nursing Outlook, 65(2), 346–350Links to an external site..
• United States House of RepresentativesLinks to an external site.. (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.house.gov/
• United States SenateLinks to an external site.. (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.senate.gov/
• United States Senate. (n.d.). Senate organization chart for the 117th CongressLinks to an external site..  https://www.senate.gov/reference/org_chart.htm