ARTICLE

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 and select a relevant research article. 

WK 4 ASSIGN EPID

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NGR5131 Culture and Advanced Nursing Practice

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Mrs. Nasser arrived at the urgent-care center with her 16-year-old daughter, who had been experiencing burning upon urination, itching around her genital area, and a high fever. Mrs. Nasser appeared very anxious, explaining to the nurse that her daughter had never had these symptoms before. The nurse tried to calm Mrs. Nasser and asked that her daughter, Samia, get undressed in preparation for a physical examination. Mrs. Nasser appeared concerned and requested that the nurse inform the doctor that she will not allow the doctor to perform a vaginal examination on her daughter.

The nurse explained to Mrs. Nasser that it will be necessary for the doctor to examine Samia so that she can determine the cause of Samia’s discomfort. Mrs. Nasser became extremely agitated and explained to the nurse that in her culture, young girls are not allowed to have a vaginal examination for fear that their virginity will be compromised. Mrs. Nasser insisted that she would not allow her daughter to be examined by the female doctor on duty. Mrs. Nasser requested that the nurse ask the doctor to write a prescription for her daughter’s infection, or else she would leave the clinic immediately.

  1. How should the nurse respond to Mrs. Nasser’s request? Explain your rationale.
  2. Identify culturally congruent strategies that may be most effective in addressing the needs of Mrs. Nasser.
  3. How might the nurse ensure that Mrs. Nasser’s concerns are addressed appropriately and that Samia has received the appropriate care?

mental Health

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455Case Study: Mrs. R.

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Use the “Case Study: Mrs. R.” template to complete the assignment.

Case Study: Mrs. R. has indirect care experience requirements. The “NRS-455 – Case Studies: Indirect Care Experience Hours” form, found in the Topic 1 Resources, will be used to document the indirect care experience hours completed in the case study. As progress is made on the case study, update this form indicating the date(s) each section is completed. This form will be submitted in Topic 3.

You are required to cite a minimum of three sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and relevant to nursing practice.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. 

WK 4 DISC. EPID

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455Topic 1 DQ 2

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Discuss discharge resources that are available for chronic cardiorespiratory issues to support patient independence and prevent readmission. Explain how readmission affects reimbursement. What implications does readmission have on the hospital and on the patient?

Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN Discussion Question Rubric” and “RN-BSN Participation Rubric,” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively.

455Topic 1 DQ 1

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Identify a cardiac or respiratory dysfunction and its cause. Outline the key steps necessary to prevent the dysfunction and improve health status.

Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN Discussion Question Rubric” and “RN-BSN Participation Rubric,” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively.

Telehealth Technology and Change During the Pandemic

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Purpose: To describe the change in the use of technology during the pandemic, in particular telehealth; 

Create a Reply for a discussion using APA 7 format, and scholarly references no older than 5 years

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Please ensure that the reply includes more than 200 words of scholarly articles and that the plagiarism level remains below 20%.

Introduction
Pain is a complex experience that profoundly affects people’s lives and their ability to perform. Theories of pain have developed over time to capture more the senses of its mechanisms especially in regard to its sensory, emotional, cognitive, and social dimensions. This assignment discusses recent developments in pain theory, examines the foundational concepts of pain theory, evaluates its clinical practice applications, suggests areas for further research, and summarizes the implications drawn from current studies.

Analysis of the Underpinning for the Theory of Pain
The understanding of pain has shifted from traditional biomedical models to more complex biopsychosocial frameworks. One of the most influential theories is the Gate Control Theory, established by Melzack and Wall in 1965, aware that the perception of pain is subject to control by psychological and social factors, as well as stimuli variety. Recent studies have reinforced the importance of this theory by showing significant effects for emotions and cognitive appraisal in determining patients’ experiences of pain (Pincus et al., 2023).

Moreover, the Dynamic Vulnerability Model provides an in-depth description of the personal and contextual variables that influence pain responses, highlighting the interplay among biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors (McCracken & Zhao, 2021). The model supports clinicians to think about a broad approach to pain management that is beyond just the symptoms involved, pretty much acknowledging the multiplicity of the pain experience for patients.

Applications of the Theory of Pain
Theoretical advancements have therefore led to practical applications in pain management strategies. For example, there is an increased use and proven effectiveness of psychological therapies, particularly CBT and mindfulness-based interventions, in alleviating chronic pain symptoms (Vowles & McCracken, 2022). Studies suggest that these therapeutic approaches assist patients in changing their views about pain and developing coping strategies that enhance their quality of life (Baker et al., 2022).

Furthermore, the biopsychosocial model has also influenced approaches to multidisciplinary pain management: collaborative care that incorporates medical, psychological, and physical interventions specifically tailored to the needs of individual patients (Schmidt et al., 2023). This comprehensive orientation underscores the requirement for several elements influencing the patients’ pain experience and thus leads to better clinical results.

Suggestions for Additional Research
Despite these advancements, much more is needed to be understood about pain. Future studies should target the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of chronic pain, particularly the role of neuroinflammation and altered pain processing (Tracey & Mantyh, 2023). Studies are also needed to demonstrate whether evidence-based clinical practice can be further developed and integrated through longitudinal follow-up studies on the effectiveness of treatment approaches that combine various types of therapies (Batchelor et al., 2022).

Furthermore, research on social determinants of health and pain experiences will be relevant in developing more inclusive and effective strategies for managing pain, particularly in diverse populations (Jones et al., 2023). Another avenue that could further enrich the field is the role of cultural contexts in shaping perceptions and responses to pain.

5. Conclusion
The concluding theory of pain shapes not notional but real understanding of pain as complex and influenced by many factors, only some of which are physical. Newer research reinforces the need for integrated approaches to pain management, including psychological and social dimensions. Further research on neurobiological bases and diverse experiences of pain will help develop inclusive treatment approaches that meet the requirements of various patients.

References:

Baker, J. M., Cummings, T. M., & Wiggins, K. (2022). Efficacy of psychological interventions for chronic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain Management, 12(4), 239-256.

Batchelor, M. C., Green, J. M., & Patel, M. S. (2022). Longitudinal effectiveness of multidisciplinary approaches in chronic pain management: A follow-up study. Journal of Pain Research, 15, 1231-1240.

Jones, D. E., Roberts, T., & Smith, A. (2023). The influence of social determinants on pain perception: A review of current literature. Pain Medicine, 24(1), 33-45.

McCracken, L. M., & Zhao, Y. (2021). The dynamic vulnerability model of pain: Implications for understanding and treating pain. Clinical Psychology Review, 84, 101962.

Pincus, T., McCracken, L. M., & Horne, J. (2023). Cognitive and emotional contributions to pain perception: A theoretical update. Pain Reviews, 12(2), 101-118.

Schmidt, M. H., Anis, N. A., & Johnson, M. R. (2023). The role of multidisciplinary care in enhancing pain management outcomes. Journal of Pain, 24(3), 455-467.