Nursing

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Instructions:

1. APA-7 Format

2. MUST utilize credible data sources such as CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, ClinicalKey, The Cochrane Library.

3. Research paper must be 500 – 650 words.

4. Must present your writing double-spaced, in Times New Roman or Arial,with a font size 12.

5. Pay attention to grammar rules (spelling and syntax)

6. 3 or more scholarly sources must be utilized

7. Sources must be within the last 5 years

8. Must have a minimum of 3 Sources

9. All article sources must be cited by including them in the reference sheet (separate).

Topic:

10. Weight Loss Outcomes Associated With Ozempic Treatment for Patients With Overweight or Obesity

pn 2 m6 written

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Complete the comparison table for Inflammatory Diseases.

PRACTICUM EXPERIENCE PLAN (PEP)

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TO PREPARE

  • Review your Clinical Skills Self-Assessment Form you submitted last week and think about areas for which you would like to gain application-level experience and/or continued growth as an advanced practice nurse. How can your experiences in the practicum help you achieve these aims?  
  • Review the information related to developing objectives provided in this week’s Learning Resources. Your practicum learning objectives that you want to achieve during your practicum experience must be: 
    • Specific  
    • Measurable  
    • Attainable  
    • Results-focused  
    • Time-bound
    • Reflective of the higher-order domains of Bloom’s taxonomy (i.e., application level and above)  

Note: Please make sure your objectives are individualized and outlined in your Practicum Experience Plan (PEP). While you may add previous objectives to continue to work toward. You must have 3 new objectives for each class, each quarter. 

  • Discuss your professional aims and your proposed practicum objectives with your Preceptor to ascertain if the necessary resources are available at your practicum site.  
  • Select one nursing theory and one counseling/psychotherapy theory to best guide your clinical practice. Explain why you selected these theories. Support your approach with evidence-based literature.
  • Create a timeline of practicum activities that demonstrates how you plan to meet these goals and objectives based on your practicum requirements.

ASSIGNMENT

Record the required information in each area of the Practicum Experience Plan template, including 3–4 measurable practicum learning objectives you will use to facilitate your learning during the practicum experience. 

***** I will complete part 1 

CASE STUDY 2

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Case Study #2

DKA 

Mrs. S is a 28-year-old patient, with a 12-year history of type I diabetes mellitus. Her husband states that she has had a “bad cold” for several days. Yesterday she stayed in bed and slept all day. She was “too ill” to check her blood sugar, and since she was not really eating, she did not take her insulin. This morning, she was not able to stand up and vomited twice. A Gram stain of Mrs. S’s blood contains gram-positive cocci in clusters. Her admission vital signs are: BP = 90/60; HR = 118 bpm (sinus tachycardia); RR = 32/min; T = 102.3° F; O2 sat via pulse oximetry = 96%. Her serum glucose is 398 mg/dl, and she is positive for serum ketones. She is admitted with a diagnosis of DKA.

Her baseline ABGs on 2 L of oxygen are: pH = 7.25; PCO2 = 28; HCO3 = 14; PaO2 = 92; O2 sat = 96%. Her respirations are deep, rapid, and labored. She has bronchial breath sounds in the right axillary area. There is bilateral chest expansion and no evidence of cyanosis.

A regular insulin bolus is given, and a regular insulin drip is initiated. Mrs. S’s IV fluids are infusing at 800 ml/hr. Her vital signs after 2 hours in the unit are: BP = 120/70; HR = 78 bpm (normal sinus rhythm); RR = 22/min; O2 sat = 100%. Her serum glucose is 250 mg/dl and serum potassium is 4.0 mEq/L. She is more alert and is feeling hungry.

  1. What is insulin’s function in the body? What is the most significant basic defect in the development of DKA?
  2. What is the cause of Ms. S experiencing DKA?  Describe the pathophysiologic rationale for your answer.
  3. List the classic signs and symptoms of DKA. Which signs and symptoms did Ms. S experience? What are the pathophysiologic causes of these signs and symptoms?
  4. What is an anion gap? Why is the anion gap important to follow in the treatment of DKA?
  5. What acid base disturbance is Ms. S experiencing? What compensatory mechanisms are in effect at this time?
  6. What is the primary nursing diagnosis for Ms. S.? What are the goals for treatment (both independent and collaborative)? What interventions are imperative to initiate immediately? What interventions are important within the next 12-24 hours?
  7. What are potential lab abnormalities for a patient in DKA?
  8. What nursing considerations are important in planning Ms. S’s discharge?
  9. Discuss the American Association of Critical Care Nurses (AACN) Synergy Model and how this concept would be important in this patient’s care.

Ethical Issues Related to Social Media

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 After studying Module 3: Lecture Materials & Resources, discuss at least two potential ethical issues that could be of concern with nursing use of social media. 

INSECTION PROTECTION

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TOPIC IS CANCER

informed consent elements

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Discuss the elements of informed consent. Provide a clinical example about what can happen when some elements are not adhered to.

Reflection 4

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A. Based on what you have found, what is the most important point for your peers?

B. What do you need to communicate to affected patients or other stakeholders?

C. What is the best way to communicate with peers and stakeholders?

theory of Self-Efficacy

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Using the criteria presented in week 2, critique the theory of Self-Efficacy using the internal and external criticism evaluation process.

This is the criteria presented in week 2 “Making judgement as to whether a theory could be adapted for use in research is very important.  Describe the internal and external criticism that is used to evaluate middle range theories.” I have attached work from week 2 as reference 

Require 400 words and at least 3 scholarly references no later than 5 years old. 

No Plagiarism

Replies week 8 MSN 5300

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  Replies two peers with 200 words each one 

1.Sensitivity and specificity are measures of the accuracy of a screening test that we use to identify the presence or absence of a particular condition in an individual.

Sensitivity measures the proportion of true positives that are correctly identified by a screening test. In other words, it tells us the percentage of people who have the condition and are correctly identified by the screening test as having it.

Specificity measures the proportion of true negatives that are correctly identified by a screening test. That is, it tells us the percentage of people who do not suffer from the condition and who the screening test correctly identifies as not suffering.

Both sensitivity and specificity are important in determining the accuracy of a screening test, as they inform us about how effective the test is in correctly identifying both positive and negative cases. Ideally, we want a screening test that has high sensitivity and specificity, so that we can accurately identify the presence or absence of the condition being tested.

There are several factors that can affect sensitivity and specificity:

The threshold or cutoff value used to define a positive screening result. The lower the threshold, the more sensitivity increases but specificity decreases, while a higher threshold increases specificity but decreases sensitivity.

Also important is the prevalence of the condition in the population tested. In a population with high prevalence, the positive predictive value of the test may be higher, while in a population with low prevalence, false positive results may be more common.

Characteristics of the population being tested, such as age, sex, and comorbidities, which may influence the accuracy of the test.

It is important to note that sensitivity and specificity are not absolute measures of a test’s accuracy, but rather represent a balance between correctly identifying true positives and true negatives. Therefore, the decision to use a particular screening test should be based on a thorough evaluation of its performance characteristics and its suitability for the population being screened.

Considering the aforementioned aspects of sensitivity and specificity, we will be able to accurately address research studies, achieving better results.

2. Building evidence-based practice requires difficult assessment of diagnostic tests and measures. Sensitivity and specificity are vital parameters in identifying the validity of this important study. Sensitivity measures the ability of a test to properly identify individuals with a specific condition, while specificity gauges the ability to correctly identify individuals without the condition. Understanding these metrics is a fundamental advance study for healthcare and research settings for accurate disease identification and treatment planning. Sensitivity, also known as the true positive rate, measures the proportion of actual positives correctly identified by the test. High sensitivity ensures that individuals with the condition are unlikely to be missed, reducing the chances of false negatives. For instance, in cancer screening, a highly sensitive test detects can even detect early-stage of the cancers, leading to timely interventions and improved outcomes and like this be able to act. Sensitivity is crucial when early detection significantly influences patient prognosis, allowing for prompt medical intervention. On the other hand, specificity, or by other definition the true negative rate, reflects the proportion of individuals without the condition who are correctly identified by the test. High specificity minimizes false positives, confirming that healthy individuals are not unnecessarily subjected to further, potentially invasive, testing or treatments. For example, in HIV testing, high specificity is vital to prevent unnecessary emotional distress and healthcare costs resulting from false-positive results. Specificity is particularly important when a positive test result can lead to significant consequences, such as starting potent treatments or imposing lifestyle changes. There is often a difference between sensitivity and specificity. Increasing sensitivity may decrease specificity and vice versa, leading to a balance dilemma. Reaching to an optimal equilibrium is essential; too much focus on sensitivity might lead to overdiagnosis and overtreatment, while too much specificity might result in missed diagnoses. Applying the right balance will help individuals and it will and varies based on the medical condition, available treatments, and potential consequences of false results. 

     In summary, sensitivity and specificity are fundamental components in the screening aspects, tests playing a crucial role in evidence-based practice. Understanding and optimizing these parameters are imperative for clinicians and researchers, ensuring that diagnostic tests are trustworthy, leading to improved patient outcomes. By appreciating the balance between sensitivity and specificity, healthcare professionals can make informed choices, enhancing the quality of care and advancing evidence-based medicine.