You should respond to both discussions separately–with constructive literature material- extending, refuting/correcting, or adding additional nuance to their posts. 

Minimum 150 words each reply with references under each reply. 

Incorporate a minimum of 2 current (published within the last five years) scholarly journal articles or primary legal sources (statutes, court opinions) within your work. Journal articles should be referenced according to the current APA style (the online library has an abbreviated version of the APA Manual).

Discussion 1

Describe the family structure of some East Indian Hindu families and the effect the family organization may have on health-seeking behavior

It is not uncommon for several generations to share a home. Sons will bring their wives to live with his family once they are married. With this arrangement, they are subjected to parental control. The patriarch controls the household in a traditional East Indian Hindu household. The patriarch is in control of the finances, and men are responsible for earning income to support the family. The matriarch is the autocrat of the home and daughter-in-laws are under their rule. Women do not have status or economic power Cultural beliefs about illness and treatments can affect the family’s participation in healthcare. Health decisions are made within the family and influenced by cultural norms and family beliefs. Many East Indians obtain their beliefs in relation to the managing illness from a variety of sources including their families, members within their community, folk midwives, folk practitioners, and from healthcare workers (Ginger & Haddad, p. 474, 2021). Factors such as gender of the patient, the economic status of the family, and the family’s perception about illness can all impact the decision to seek treatment. Therapeutic advice generally filters through 5 levels (none of which are medical professionals), which can potentially create delays in care. 

What are the contributing factors that lead to the high birth rate in Haiti and among Haitian immigrants?

The factors contributing to high birthrates among Haitian immigrants is complex and multidimensional. The economic circumstances experienced by many Haitians are characterized by poverty, poor access to healthcare and education, limited access to family planning services, making it impossible for women and men to make informed decisions about their fertility. Adding to this complexity is the fact that Haiti has the highest maternal mortality rate in the Americas, with 488 per 100,000 live births (Macdonald & Dorcely, 2021) 

List religious needs a Jewish client may have while being hospitalized with which nursing staff can assist

Jewish patients may have religious needs while hospitalized and nursing staff can work to help meet these needs by understanding the necessary accommodations that are needed. Jewish clients who maintain a kosher diet will require considerations to be made as it relates to the preparation of meals and how meals are served. Special attention should be paid to ensuring dairy and meat are not mixed and only fish with fins and scales can be served. (Ginger & Haddad, p 515, 2021). Religious holidays such as Passover and Yom Kipppur also require special considerations concerning the time that meals are served as well as which foods can be served. Just as religion guides practices in life, it also offers commandments in death and dying. Practices such as removing the body from the bed and placing it on a straw mat, lighting and candle and placing it near the head of the body, and placing a sheet over the face of the deceased are all customary practices, the nurse should be aware of.  

Discussion 2

Family Structure in East Indian Hindu Families and Its Effect on Health-Seeking BehaviorEast Indian Hindu families traditionally follow a patriarchal and extended family system. Married sons reside with the family under the parental roof (Giger & Haddad,2021). The head of the household is the eldest male, whose decisions are respected and upheld. Women are often responsible for the family’s female members and are crucial in addressing other domestic concerns. This hierarchical structure can influence health-seeking behaviors in several ways, particularly if the individual who is ill is female or younger. This can delay treatment and lead to a poor overall prognosis. Additionally, East Indian Hindu families may turn to traditional healing practices and Ayurvedic medicine before using Western Medicine. In Ayurvedic medicine, the belief is that the organism is not the cause for the condition; it is the intake of heavy, indigestible foods and emotional factors.Contributing Factors to the High Birth Rate in Haiti and Among Haitian ImmigrantsOne factor contributing to the high birth rate is the lack of contraception, especially for women in rural areas.  Studies show that there is also a false pretense about the use of birth control; they believe using birth control before having children will prevent them from having children in the future (Wooten et al., 2024). There is also an educational barrier about birth control and its side effects.Additionally, larger families are often valued, and there may be a religious or social resistance to contraceptive use. This is common among Catholic or traditional Vodou beliefs practiced amongst Haitians.Religious Needs of Jewish Clients in the Hospital SettingJewish clients may have several religious needs during hospitalization. Nurses and healthcare providers can assist by:

• Helping the patient maintain a kosher diet. Serving fish that meet the dietary requirements of having fins and scales (Giger & Haddad, 2021). Using paper plates with plastic utensils.
• During the Sabbath, which lasts from Friday evening to Saturday evening, Jews may refrain from using electronic devices and writing. This is a day of rest, reflection, and prayer. Nurses must be aware of and try to minimize interruptions.
• Passover, which falls in or near the spring of the year. The nurse should be aware that during these 8 days, certain foods must be kosher. In addition to eating foods with leavening, or foods made with grain products.
• Nurses should respect end-of-life care, as an autopsy is not allowed unless required by governmental regulation or the person had a hereditary disease. An autopsy may help safeguard the health of survivors or another person suffering from a similar deadly disease, or if it yields information vital to the person’s health (Giger & Haddad, 2021).

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The Governmental Role in Healthcare

When speaking about the state of healthcare in the U.S. and who is responsible it is common to blame the government, indeed if one hears a refrain often enough it becomes the truth, right?

The U.S. government operates neither the health care delivery system nor the health services financing system in anything close to their entirety. In fact, in the United States, government is less involved with the provision of health care (in contrast to the payment for health services, with which it is heavily involved) than in any other industrialized country in the world.

But the truth is:

It is important to understand that when politicians throw the term “socialized medicine” around they are doing a disservice to the facts, seeking to sensationalize a topic that is far too important to be treated like a political tool to be manipulated. The statement above is true. With the exception of part of the military healthcare system, the federal government plays a minimal role in the provision of healthcare in the U.S. It has a much larger role in paying for healthcare, however, as the manager of two large payers, Medicare and Medicaid. Insurers (mostly through employment) and the patient pay about 50% of the costs with governmental reimbursement picking up the other half.

Is socialized medicine a bad thing? That opinion, of course, would vary from person to person, but it is important to note that every single industrialized nation provides some sort of socialized medicine model except the U.S.

Wait, let’s say that again.

Every single industrialized nation provides some sort of socialized medicine model except the U.S.

I have known healthcare workers who lived in Canada with one socialized medicine model who flew back and forth to the U.S. to work multiple days in a row in the U.S. Why? Because they would not leave the healthcare system Canada provides for its citizens. And they did not want to pay the costs associated with the cobbled-together U.S. system. Is the Canadian system better than the U.S.? Once again, the answer likely depends on how wealthy you are. No country can provide everything for everyone. Healthcare is a scarce resource that gets rationed regardless. But that rationing will look different depending upon the model. In Canada, for example, rationing occurs by waitlisting nonemergent treatment. Waiting Your Turn: Wait Times for Health Care in Canada, 2020 Report

Waiting for treatment has become a defining characteristic of Canadian health care. In order to document the queues for visits to specialists and for diagnostic and surgical procedures in the country, the Fraser Institute has—for over two decades—surveyed specialist physicians across 12 specialties and 10 provinces.

…overall, waiting times for medically necessary treatment have increased since last year. Specialist physicians surveyed report a median waiting time of 22.6 weeks between referral from a general practitioner and receipt of treatment—longer than the wait of 20.9 weeks reported in 2019. This year’s wait time is the longest wait time recorded in this survey’s history and is 143% longer than in 1993, when it was just 9.3 weeks.

Source: https://www.fraserinstitute.org/studies/waiting-your-turn-wait-times-for-health-care-in-canada-2020

Now, I am not picking on Canada. People GO to Canada for its healthcare, not vice versa. Every industrialized nation has to do something, similar or dissimilar, to ration the use of care.

But few do it on the backs of the poor.

Why are some against socialized medicine? Primarily because it goes against their preferred model of smaller government is better government. But also because they are fortunate enough to have healthcare. And they do not feel healthcare is a right.

Our forefathers certainly had no concept of responsibility of the Federal Government, nor of the state government, for health protection of the people. This was solely a local governmental responsibility. When Benjamin Franklin wrote “Health is Wealth” in the Farmers’ Almanac, he was saying that health was a commodity to be bought, to be sold, to be conserved, or to be wasted. But he considered that health conservation was the responsibility of the individual, not of government. The local community was responsible only for the protection of its citizens against the hazards of community life. – Jonas, 2021

The U.S. did not grow up on socialized medicine, nor big government, nor did the Constitution place this responsibility on it.

Expand your understanding of how important watershed moments have pushed healthcare systems to where they are today (watershed: an event marking a unique or important historical change of course or one on which important developments depend).

Include the following aspects in the discussion:

• Complete      readings and videos.
• How      do you think the founding fathers viewed healthcare?
• Has      this view changed among the majority in the US and do you agree? Why or      why not?
• List      five pivotal impacts that changed the direction of healthcare over the   
•    centuries.

• Discuss      if you think we can improve healthcare for all without socialized      medicine.
• Cite      any references. Proper grammar, sentence structure, and spelling are      required. Use your own words. Copying and pasting are not allowed. 200      words

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