DIAGNOSIS: TENSION HEADACHE
32 YEAR-OLD FEMALE
AFRICAN AMERICAN
2 KIDS DELIVERED VIA C-SECTION
MEDICAL HISTORY: GASTRITIS, ANEMIA
VACCINES: HPV, COVID,
PLEASE USE THE TEMPLATE AS A REFERENCE GUIDE TO ANSWERING EACH SECTION. PLEASE DELETE ALL REFERENCE INFORMATION ON THE TEMPLATE.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is highly prevalent in ICU settings and requires significant consideration. AKI is rarely attributed to a single factor, and most critically ill patients who develop AKI have coexisting conditions.
Many forms of AKI are preventable and patients at risk should be evaluated early according to clinical condition and biomarkers. Discuss AKI prevention and pharmacological treatment strategies. Include specific recommendations for preventing or treating drug-induced AKI.
Instructions:
Post your discussion to the Moodle Discussion Forum. Initial post must be made by Day #3. Word limit 500 words. Reply to at least two other student posts with a reflection of their response. Please make sure to provide citations and references (in APA, 7th ed. format) for your work.
Explore the potential impacts of foundational neuroscience on the prescription of pharmacotherapeutics.
1.Analyze the agonist-to-antagonist spectrum of action of psychopharmacologic agents
2.Compare the actions of g couple proteins to ion gated channels
3.Analyze the role of epigenetics in pharmacologic action
4.Analyze the impact of foundational neuroscience on the prescription of medications
References x 3
Consider a population health topic that rises to the presidential agenda level. Which social determinant most affects this health issue? How did two recent presidents handle the problem? What would you do differently?
Medication Errors
Develop an intervention (your capstone project), as a solution to the patient, family, or population problem you’ve defined.
Replies two peers with 200 words each one
1.Sensitivity and specificity are measures of the accuracy of a screening test that we use to identify the presence or absence of a particular condition in an individual.
Sensitivity measures the proportion of true positives that are correctly identified by a screening test. In other words, it tells us the percentage of people who have the condition and are correctly identified by the screening test as having it.
Specificity measures the proportion of true negatives that are correctly identified by a screening test. That is, it tells us the percentage of people who do not suffer from the condition and who the screening test correctly identifies as not suffering.
Both sensitivity and specificity are important in determining the accuracy of a screening test, as they inform us about how effective the test is in correctly identifying both positive and negative cases. Ideally, we want a screening test that has high sensitivity and specificity, so that we can accurately identify the presence or absence of the condition being tested.
There are several factors that can affect sensitivity and specificity:
The threshold or cutoff value used to define a positive screening result. The lower the threshold, the more sensitivity increases but specificity decreases, while a higher threshold increases specificity but decreases sensitivity.
Also important is the prevalence of the condition in the population tested. In a population with high prevalence, the positive predictive value of the test may be higher, while in a population with low prevalence, false positive results may be more common.
Characteristics of the population being tested, such as age, sex, and comorbidities, which may influence the accuracy of the test.
It is important to note that sensitivity and specificity are not absolute measures of a test’s accuracy, but rather represent a balance between correctly identifying true positives and true negatives. Therefore, the decision to use a particular screening test should be based on a thorough evaluation of its performance characteristics and its suitability for the population being screened.
Considering the aforementioned aspects of sensitivity and specificity, we will be able to accurately address research studies, achieving better results.
2. Building evidence-based practice requires difficult assessment of diagnostic tests and measures. Sensitivity and specificity are vital parameters in identifying the validity of this important study. Sensitivity measures the ability of a test to properly identify individuals with a specific condition, while specificity gauges the ability to correctly identify individuals without the condition. Understanding these metrics is a fundamental advance study for healthcare and research settings for accurate disease identification and treatment planning. Sensitivity, also known as the true positive rate, measures the proportion of actual positives correctly identified by the test. High sensitivity ensures that individuals with the condition are unlikely to be missed, reducing the chances of false negatives. For instance, in cancer screening, a highly sensitive test detects can even detect early-stage of the cancers, leading to timely interventions and improved outcomes and like this be able to act. Sensitivity is crucial when early detection significantly influences patient prognosis, allowing for prompt medical intervention. On the other hand, specificity, or by other definition the true negative rate, reflects the proportion of individuals without the condition who are correctly identified by the test. High specificity minimizes false positives, confirming that healthy individuals are not unnecessarily subjected to further, potentially invasive, testing or treatments. For example, in HIV testing, high specificity is vital to prevent unnecessary emotional distress and healthcare costs resulting from false-positive results. Specificity is particularly important when a positive test result can lead to significant consequences, such as starting potent treatments or imposing lifestyle changes. There is often a difference between sensitivity and specificity. Increasing sensitivity may decrease specificity and vice versa, leading to a balance dilemma. Reaching to an optimal equilibrium is essential; too much focus on sensitivity might lead to overdiagnosis and overtreatment, while too much specificity might result in missed diagnoses. Applying the right balance will help individuals and it will and varies based on the medical condition, available treatments, and potential consequences of false results.
In summary, sensitivity and specificity are fundamental components in the screening aspects, tests playing a crucial role in evidence-based practice. Understanding and optimizing these parameters are imperative for clinicians and researchers, ensuring that diagnostic tests are trustworthy, leading to improved patient outcomes. By appreciating the balance between sensitivity and specificity, healthcare professionals can make informed choices, enhancing the quality of care and advancing evidence-based medicine.
Please answer the questions below.
Submission Instructions:
1
Week 7: Change Project Final Paper
Your final paper will encompass all assignments you have completed thus far. At this
point, you will have submitted each section individually and a comprehensive rough
draft. You have received extensive feedback. An attempt to incorporate all previous
assignment feedback should be evident.
The paper should be between 20 and 30 pages in length, not including the cover page,
references, and any appendices. It must follow the current APA manual style and
format. Each section of the paper should be clearly identified using proper headings.
The final paper should be professionally written in a manner suitable for publication.
NURS_691B_DE – NURS 691-B Rubric: Culminating Experience Evidence-Based
Change Project Paper Rubic (Final))
NURS_691B_DE – NURS 691-B Rubric: Culminating Experience Evidence-Based Change Project Paper
Rubic (Final))
Criteria Ratings Pts
This criterion is linked to a
Learning Outcome
Introduction and
Background
15 to >12.3 pts
Meets Expectations
The change project topic is introduced. All
background information is included. Project
importance within the field or significance for
the designated facility is described.
15 pts
2
This criterion is linked to a
Learning Outcome
Problem Identification and
Description in PICOT
Format
15 to >12.3 pts
Meets Expectations
Presents a thorough and insightful analysis of the
chosen topic/problem. Describes the problem
thoroughly, including the target population
description and history/background information
at the assigned clinic or hospital. The significance
and applicability to nursing is included and well
presented. Includes an appropriate topic
identification related to an advanced practice
nursing issue or practice problem of concern.
Population is fully defined and present in the
research question. Includes specific
interventions, identifies comparisons, and
presents appropriate outcomes in a timely
manner for the question. Overall, the question is
well-built using the PICOT format.
15 pts
This criterion is linked to a
Learning Outcome Critical
Appraisal/Literature
Review
18 to >14.76 pts
Meets Expectations
The minimum requirement of peer-reviewed
articles, books, or limited non-research literature
(tool kits or standardized procedures) are
present. Literature is supported by scientific
evidence that is credible and timely. Subtopics
are used to support the main topic. In-text
citations are present and correctly formatted.
Presents a thorough and insightful analysis of
significant findings related to the change project
topic. Ideas are synthesized and professionally
sound and creative. Insightful and
comprehensive conclusions and solutions are
present.
18 pts
3
This criterion is linked to a
Learning Outcome Project
Aims, Values, and Desired
Outcomes
18 to >14.76 pts
Meets Expectations
The project, aims, values, and desired outcomes
are well-developed. They are clear and thorough.
Aims include examples of projected features and
functions. Values include implementation
benefits for specific stakeholders. Desired
outcomes state the purpose, have a quality
focus, and describe the benefits that will occur
as a result of implementation.
18 pts
This criterion is linked to a
Learning Outcome
Theoretical Framework
18 to >14.76 pts
Meets Expectations
Identifies independent theories or conceptual
models that relate to the change project topic
and describes how they will be applied to the
change project. Thoroughly discusses how each
element of the phenomenon applies to the
framework. Clearly applies each element of the
theory to the elements of the phenomenon
under study. Develops the rationale for the
sample selection criteria, and expertly discusses,
analyzes, and critiques pertinent research that
uses the framework.
18 pts
4
This criterion is linked to a
Learning Outcome
Intervention
18 to >14.76 pts
Meets Expectations
Provides keen insight into obstacles and
proposes sound, creative solutions or
interventions based on the literature review
findings. Expertly compares other views on the
problem and solutions with detail. Uses
examples to thoroughly address the FNP role in
the intervention and discusses implications for
clinical practice. Thoughtfully discusses the
implications of the change project and its
significance to the nursing profession and filling
gaps in knowledge. Accurately categorizes and
thoroughly explains specific methods of data
collection to be used. Explains in detail how data
will be analyzed and used. Provides a sound
justification for subject selection and sampling
procedure. Accurately and thoroughly describes
potential limitations to data collection and
control.
18 pts
This criterion is linked to a
Learning Outcome
Recommendations and
Conclusion
18 to >14.76 pts
Meets Expectations
Provides an insightful and thorough summary of
the project, main points, and details the
significance of the project to the advanced
practice nursing profession. Provides detailed
and creative recommendations for future
research and implications for clinical practice.
Discusses limitations of the study in detail.
Suggests specific directions for future research.
Insightfully considers changes in theoretical
construct and provides reasonable and creative
suggestions for public policy and/or changes in
educational practice. Expertly ties the theoretical
framework to the overall product.
18 pts
5
This criterion is linked to a
Learning Outcome
Mechanics and APA
30 to >24.6 pts
Meets Expectations
Writing is clear, concise, formal, and organized.
Information is well organized and clearly
communicated. The assignment is free of spelling
and grammatical errors. All the requirements
related to format, length, source citations, and
layout are followed. A complete reference page is
included and formatted using correct APA format. If
applicable, appendices and tables are complete and
appropriate.
30 pts
Total Points: 150
Using this required reading: Covid-19 and the Need for Health Care Reform (King, 2020) NEJM .
Identify 1 flaw in the US healthcare system that was made evident during the pandemic, and 1 innovation during the pandemic that improved health care.
Please give 3 scientific citations
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