Unit 9 peer response. ADHD Medications. 800W. APA. 4 references due 10-30-23

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Advanced Psychopharmacology and Health Promotion

Unit 9 peer response. ADHD Medications. 800W. APA. 4 references due 10-30-23.

Instructions:

Please read and respond to at least two of your peers' initial postings. You may want to consider the following questions in your responses to your peers:

· Compare and contrast your initial posting with those of your peers.  

· How are they similar or how are they different?

· What information can you add that would help support the responses of your peers?

· Ask your peers a question for clarification about their post.

· What most interests you about their responses? 

Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format.


Mihaela

Unit 9 – ADHD Medications

1.
What screening tools can be used to affirm your initial diagnosis that Mr. Deliver meets the criteria for ADHD?

One commonly used screening tool is the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). The ASRS consists of a series of questions that evaluate both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms (Anbarasan et al., 2020). Another useful screening tool is the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS), which assesses various domains affected by ADHD, such as attention problems, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and executive functioning (Smyth et al., 2019).

2.
Further assessment determines that Mr. Deliver does meet the criteria for ADHD, inattentive type. What is the current recommendation for pharmacological treatment for Mr. Deliver?

Once it is confirmed through further assessment that Mr. Deliver meets the criteria for ADHD, inattentive type, the current recommendation for pharmacological treatment would typically involve stimulant medications such as methylphenidate or amphetamine derivatives. These medications have consistently shown efficacy in improving attention, reducing impulsivity, and enhancing executive functions in adults with ADHD (Farhat et al., 2022). Non-stimulant options like atomoxetine or viloxazine (norepinephrine modulator) may also be considered if there are contraindications or intolerance to stimulants (Mechler et al., 2022). However, considering Mr. Deliver's concerns about stigma and psychotropic medications' risks, it may be worth discussing non-pharmacological interventions as well. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has demonstrated efficacy in managing symptoms of adult ADHD. CBT can help Mr. Deliver develop strategies to improve organization skills, time management, and enhance his ability to focus on tasks (Young et al., 2020).

3.
Assume that instead of Mr. Deliver being 36 years old, Thomas is a 13-year-old male that also meets the diagnostic criteria for ADHD, hyperactive type (Thomas is not on any medications at this age). How will your pharmacological treatment change?

In the case of Thomas, a 13-year-old boy diagnosed with ADHD hyperactive type who is not currently taking any medications, the most probable treatment approach would involve the use of stimulant medications. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), stimulant medications like methylphenidate are recommended as first-line treatment options for children and adolescents with ADHD, as they have been shown effective in reducing symptoms and improving functioning (Shrestha et al., 2020). However it is important to monitor growth and potential side effects in pediatric patients (Vertessen et al., 2023).

References

Anbarasan, D., Kitchin, M., & Adler, L. A. (2020). Screening for adult adhd. 
Current Psychiatry Reports, 
22(12). 

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-020-01194-9Links to an external site.

Farhat, L. C., Flores, J. M., Behling, E., Avila-Quintero, V. J., Lombroso, A., Cortese, S., Polanczyk, G. V., & Bloch, M. H. (2022). The effects of stimulant dose and dosing strategy on treatment outcomes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. 
Molecular Psychiatry, 
27(3), 1562–1572. 

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-021-01391-9Links to an external site.

Mechler, K., Banaschewski, T., Hohmann, S., & Häge, A. (2022). Evidence-based pharmacological treatment options for adhd in children and adolescents. 
Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 
230, 107940. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107940Links to an external site.

Shrestha, M., Lautenschleger, J., & Soares, N. (2020). Non-pharmacologic management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: A review. 
Translational Pediatrics, 
9(S1), S114–S124. 

https://doi.org/10.21037/tp.2019.10.01Links to an external site.

Smyth, A. C., & Meier, S. T. (2016). Evaluating the psychometric properties of the conners adult adhd rating scales. 
Journal of Attention Disorders, 
23(10), 1111–1118. 

https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054715624230Links to an external site.

Vertessen, K., Luman, M., Swanson, J. M., Bottelier, M., Stoffelsen, R., Bet, P., Wisse, A., Twisk, J. R., & Oosterlaan, J. (2023). Methylphenidate dose–response in children with adhd: Evidence from a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled titration trial. 
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-023-02176-xLinks to an external site.

Young, Z., Moghaddam, N., & Tickle, A. (2016). The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for adults with adhd: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. 
Journal of Attention Disorders, 
24(6), 875–888. 

https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054716664413Links to an external site.


Ruth

Unit 9: Initial Discussion ADHD Medications

What screening tools can be used to affirm your initial diagnosis that Mr. Deliver meets the criteria for ADHD?

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common neuropsychiatric disorder of childhood, with impairing symptoms persisting into adulthood in approximately 70% of cases. Several screening tools are available to help providers identify and diagnose ADHD. The World Health Organization (WHO) Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Part A is the most commonly used screening tool for ADHD cases in adults. The tool is available in national and international ADHD guidelines.  The screening tool contains six questions that cover inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. It also includes a threshold of four or more, which is used for probable ADHD.  The score is calculated according to the number of questions that meet the criteria: sometimes endorsing/often/very often for questions 1–3 and endorsing usually/very often for questions 4–6. However, this screening, even if the patient is positive, may not have an active diagnosis of ADHD; further evaluation is required to ensure symptoms are related to ADHD diagnosis (Chamberlain et al., 2021). 

Further assessment determines that Mr. Deliver does meet the criteria for ADHD, inattentive type. What is the current recommendation for pharmacological treatment for Mr. Deliver?

According to his age and diagnosis, the current recommendation for this patient will be amphetamine 12.5 mg daily. Recommend that the patient start CBT and encourage exercise. A study showed that ADHD drugs are more effective and tolerated by children and adolescents than adults; the reason for this discrepancy is unknown. Amphetamines, methylphenidate, atomoxetine, and modafinil cause weight loss in children, adolescents, and adults. Amphetamines and atomoxetine increased blood pressure in children and adolescents, and methylphenidate increased blood pressure in adults. Methylphenidate showed better symptom control with the most minor side effects for children and adolescents, and amphetamines produced the best results for adults (Gupta, 2018). 

Reference:

Chamberlain, S. R., Cortese, S., & Grant, J. E. (2021). Screening for adult ADHD using brief rating tools: What can we conclude from a positive screen? Some caveats. 
Comprehensive Psychiatry, 
106, 152224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152224

Gupta, S. (2018). Best First-Line ADHD Medications for Children, Adults: Study Results. 
Attitude. https://www.additudemag.com/adhd-drugs-methylphenidate-vs-amphetamine-treatment/

Mayo Clinic. (2023). Amphetamine (Oral Route). 

https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/amphetamine-oral-route/proper-use/drg-20150941Links to an external site.

ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITION IN CHILDREN

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Case: 8 year old overweight male foster child with normal weight foster parents and overweight biological parents.

include the following:

1.Introduction

2.An explanation of the health issues and risks that are relevant to the child you were assigned.

3.Describe additional information for assessment you would need in order to further assess his or her weight-related health.

4.Identify and describe any risks and consider what further information you would need to gain a full understanding of the child’s health. Think about how you could gather this information in a sensitive fashion. Identifying Risks and Gathering Sensitive Information

5.Taking into account the parents’ and caregivers’ potential sensitivities, list at least three specific questions you would ask about the child to gather more information. Specific Questions for Information Gathering

6.Provide at least two strategies you could employ to encourage the parents or caregivers to be proactive about their child’s health and weight.

7.Conclusion

Nutritional Principles in Nursing

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Module 02 Content

To prepare for the live classroom session and your written submission, use your chapter readings and course materials.

The focus for this live classroom is on Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). You can review information about DRI at

https://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/dietary-reference-intakes

Complete the Interactive DRI on yourself. Go to https://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/dri-calculator/

Be prepared to answer the following questions:

What are the three components of the DRI?

Describe how RDA, AI, and UL influence health?

After reviewing your results on the Interactive DRI, how well are you meeting the RDAs suggested?

What two changes can you make to improve?

After the live classroom discussion, submit written answers to the above questions.

Week 4: Strategies to Promote Student Engagement, Active Learning, and Academic Integrity

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Focus on promoting student engagement and active learning to promote interpersonal and academic integrity.

From a student perspective, faculty are central to the learning experience. Many of our students spend the greatest amount of time in class interacting with faculty. As such, faculty have the opportunity to cultivate relationships with students and are often in the best position to become aware of violations of academic integrity. Examine how nursing faculty can collectively cultivate an environment that positively contributes to active learning and proactively prevents/responds to student misconduct and cheating?  Consider legal and ethical implications in your response. 

Sources: You may use your text books and other reading material, but you must also include at least two additional articles from peer reviewed nursing journals.

6540

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See Attached 

Discussion

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Florida

Purpose

The purpose of this assignment is to identify the scope of practice in one’s state, including level of independence of practice, prescribing authority, any limitations of practice, process for obtaining licensure in your state, certification, and education requirements for licensure.  Next, students will discuss how the level of independence of practice in their state, i.e., reduced, restricted or full practice, affects patients’ access to care in their local community.

Purpose

The purpose of this assignment is to identify the scope of practice in one’s state, including level of independence of practice, prescribing authority, any limitations of practice, process for obtaining licensure in your state, certification, and education requirements for licensure.  Next, students will discuss how the level of independence of practice in their state, i.e., reduced, restricted or full practice, affects patients’ access to care in their local community.

Activity Learning Outcomes

Through this discussion, the student will demonstrate the ability to: 

· Understand NP practice as defined by law (CO2) 

· Determine legislation as defined by legislation, statutes and regulations (CO2) 

· Identify barriers to ensuring patient’s rights (CO3) 

Due Date: Wednesday by 11:59 pm MST of Week 6

Initial responses to the discussion topic must be posted by Wednesday 11:59 pm MT. Two additional posts to peers and/or faculty are due by Sunday at 11:59 pm MT.  Students are expected to submit assignments by the time they are due.

 A 10% late penalty will be imposed for discussions posted after the deadline on Wednesday of week 6, regardless of the number of days late. NOTHING will be accepted after 11:59 pm MT on Sunday (i.e. student will receive an automatic 0). 

Total Points Possible: 100

Preparing the Discussion

Discuss your state NP community in terms of scope of practice. Include your state’s scope of practice for NPs, including: 
Florida

1.

· Level of independence of practice 
**In California, NPs are required to practice under Standardized Procedure Guidelines. If CA is your intended practice state, please provide details on how Standardized Procedures Guidelines are developed in California and an example of a California SPG.

· Prescribing authority 

· Any limitations of practice 

· Process for obtaining licensure in your state 

· Certification and education requirements for licensure. 

2. If you live in a restricted or reduced practice state, how has patient care been impacted in your local community by these barriers? For instance, is the ED used for primary care?  Are the EDs overcrowded with long wait times?  Are there urgent care clinics readily available? Is there adequate access to primary care?  If you live in a full practice, how has an independent practice of the APN resulted in improved patient access to healthcare?   

3. How does access to NPs impact any healthcare disparities?  

4. A scholarly resource must be used for EACH discussion question each week.

Florida

Nursing I need help with a homework problem

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DUE SEPT. 3, 2023 @6PM 

INSTRUCTIONS UPLOADED.

Organizational Planning/Planned Change

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Choose one of the following questions to answer for this week’s discussion board. Make sure to repost the question you selected at the top of your posting.

  1. How do you typically respond to change? Do you embrace it? Seek it out? Accept it reluctantly? Avoid it at all cost? Is this behavior like that of your friends and that of your family? Has your behavior always fit this pattern, or has the pattern changed throughout your life? If so, what life events have altered how you view and respond to change?
  2. Try to remember a situation in your own life that involved unnecessary change. Why do you think that the change was unnecessary? What types of turmoil did it cause? Were there things a change agent could have done that would have increased unfreezing in this situation?

intervention plan design to improve the quality of outcomes for your target population and setting. related to combating or preventing veterans homelessness

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Develop a 4-6 page holistic intervention plan design to improve the quality of outcomes for your target population and setting.TOPIC: combating and preventing veterans homelessness

ntroduction

Note: Each assessment in this course builds on the work you completed in the previous assessment. Therefore, you must complete the assessments in this course in the order in which they are presented.

Your application of the PICOT approach to developing your problem statement and the research that you conducted and synthesized in your literature review are the foundation and framework that you will need to successfully build your intervention plan. This plan will lay out specific components of the intervention you are planning to address the need you have identified for the target population and setting. You will justify your approach to the intervention plan by integrating appropriate theoretical foundations. You will also analyze and address the needs of stakeholders, requirements of regulatory bodies, and ethical and legal considerations. It is important to have a sound intervention plan design in place before trying to work on the details of implementation and evaluation.

Preparations

  • Read Guiding Questions: Intervention Plan Design [DOC]. This document is designed to give you questions to consider and additional guidance to help you successfully complete this assessment.
  • As you prepare to complete this assessment, you may want to think about other related issues to deepen your understanding or broaden your viewpoint. You are encouraged to consider the questions below and discuss them with a fellow learner, a work associate, an interested friend, or a member of your professional community. Note that these questions are for your own development and exploration and do not need to be completed or submitted as part of your assessment.
    • What theoretical nursing models, strategies from other disciplines, and health care technologies could help support or justify your approach to the intervention plan?
    • What evidence from the literature or best practice supports the intervention plan components you identified?
    • What, if any, potential is there for technology to help in the development or implementation of the intervention plan components?
    • What is the impact of stakeholders, health care policy, or regulations?
    • Are there any ethical or legal considerations related to the development or implementation of the intervention plan components that need to be kept in mind? If so, what are they?

Instructions

Note: The assessments in this course are sequenced in such a way as to help you build specific skills that you will use throughout your program. Complete the assessments in the order in which they are presented.

You intervention plan design will be the second section of your final project submission. The goal for this is to design a holistic plan that should be able to improve the quality of outcomes for your target population and setting. Provide enough detail so that the faculty member assessing your intervention plan design will be able to provide substantive feedback that you will be able to incorporate into the other project components in this course, as well as into the final draft of your project.

At minimum, be sure to address the bullet points below, as they correspond to the grading criteria. You may also want to read the scoring guide and Guiding Questions: Intervention Plan Design document (linked above) to better understand how each criterion will be assessed. In addition to the bullet points below, provide a brief introduction that refreshes the reader’s memory about your problem statement and the setting and context for this intervention plan.

Reminder: these instructions are an outline. Your heading for this this section should be Intervention Plan Components and not Part 1: Intervention Plan Components.

Part 1: Intervention Plan Components
  • Define the major components of an intervention plan for a health promotion, quality improvement, prevention, education, or management need.
  • Explain the impact of cultural needs and characteristics of a target population and setting on the development of intervention plan components.
Part 2: Theoretical Foundations
  • Evaluate theoretical nursing models, strategies from other disciplines, and health care technologies relevant to an intervention plan.
  • Justify the major components of an intervention by referencing relevant and contemporary evidence from the literature and best practices.
Part 3: Stakeholders, Policy, and Regulations
  • Analyze the impact of stakeholder needs, health care policy, regulations, and governing bodies relevant to health care practice and specific components of an intervention plan.
Part 4: Ethical and Legal Implications
  • Analyze relevant ethical and legal issues related to health care practice, organizational change, and specific components of an intervention plan.
Address Generally Throughout
  • Communicate intervention plan in a professional way that helps the audience to understand the proposed intervention.