Disease pathophysiology

Choose a disease or diagnosis from the following list:

a) Type I Diabetes. b) Type II Diabetes. c) Hypovolemic Shock. d) Cardiogenic Shock

e) Septic Shock. f) Surgical site infection. g) Stage 3 pressure injury. h) Lupus

i) Rheumatoid arthritis. j) Anaphylaxis. k) HIV/AIDS. l) Cancer (any type) 

Required elements:

a) Provide a description, in your own words, of the pathophysiology of the disease

b) Risk factors contributing to the development of the disease

c) Signs and symptoms – with description of why these would be found (a total of 6; be 

sure to include subjective and objective data)

d) Diagnostics – 2 ways the disease may be diagnosed, including a brief description of the significance of the findings

e) Nursing diagnoses – at least 3 relevant nursing diagnoses, properly phrased

f) Treatment – at least 2 medical treatments, including some discussion of how this 

treatment works 

g) Nursing interventions – at least 4 nursing interventions, including some discussion of the goals and outcomes of these interventions

h) References – refer to at least 3 current,  

Neoplasia

Discuss what is happening on a cellular level with the disease process. Be careful to realize that patients have co-morbidities, and you may need to discuss the other diseases impact on the pathophysiology and care of the patient.  Three (3) resources after 2008 are required along with APA format. Add questions to paper

Neoplasia Case Study

You have met a 67 y.o. female patient who presents with c/o dyspnea and a chronic cough for weeks. She is a smoker since she was a teenager. This is a fo9llow-up visit after testing has been completed. Testing completed included:

Pulmonary Function Testing which show a definite blockage in her airflow;

A Chest X-Ray which shows a lesion

Bronchoscopy washings which showed malignant cells.

Histology is a squamous cell carcinoma

Her diagnosis is bronchogenic lung cancer.

1. Why did this patient have a blockage in her airflow?

2. Did her lung cancer metastasize from cancer in another location in her body, or did it arise in her lungs?

3. Why did she develop dyspnea?

4. The lining of the bronchi are normally pseudostratified columnar epithelium, not squamous cell. Why did this patients cancer develop from squamous cells?

This patient is scheduled for surgery, followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Surgery will remove the bulk of the tumor, and the radiotherapy is expected to shrink the remaining tumor cells. The chemotherapy is aimed at mnetastatic liver tumors that were discovered. The patient has stopped smoking.

5. Why did the APN order a liver scan when it was discovered that the patient had bronchogenic carcinoma?

6. Why did the cancer metastasize before she had enough signs and symptoms to see out her physician?

7. Have survival rates for patients with this type of cancer improved or not in recent years with treatment? If so what are the latest survival rates published?

8. What educational information should be shared with this patient?

Week 3 ion channel —3 Peer Response 800w. due9-20-23

Week 3 ion channel —3 Peer Response 800w. due9-20-23

Instructions:

Please read and respond to the two peers' initial postings for week 2 below. Consider the following questions in your responses.

Compare and contrast your initial posting with those of your peers.  

1. How are they similar or how are they different?

2. What information can you add that would help support the responses of your peers?

3. Ask your peers a question for clarification about their post.

4. What most interests you about their responses? 

5. Summaries at least 1 evidence based article that supports there point.

Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format.

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Response 1 400 words

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Week 3 Discussion: Ion Channels

Compare and contrast the two different major classes of ion channels.

The two different major classes of ion channels are ligand-gated ion channels and voltage-gated ion channels, both of which are membrane proteins that play a vital role in regulating cell membrane potential and neuron communication (Stahl, 2021). Ligand-gated ion channels are also referred to as ionotropic receptors, this is because LGIC is both a receptor and channel and thus serves a dual function (Stahl, 2021). LGIC are made of amino acids and contain multiple binding sites to bind ligands such as neurotransmitters, ions, and drugs, allowing ions to either bind to a receptor or travel through the channel (Stahl, 2021). Voltage-gated ion channels are channels that mediate nerve conduction, action potential, and neurotransmitter release (Stahl, 2021). These channels are controlled by the change in ionic charge or voltage across the cell membrane (Stahl, 2021). Voltage-gated ion channels tend to be more selective, allowing the influx of only one ion at a time, whereas ligand-gated channels are less selective in nature and allow different types of ions to pass through the channel (Alberts, 2002).

Explain the difference between full agonists, partial agonists, antagonists, and inverse agonists.

An agonist is a ligand that binds to a receptor changing its state to result in a response (Stahl, 2021). The difference between full agonist, partial agonist, antagonist, and inverse agonist is that a full agonist leads to maximum signal transduction, whereas a partial agonist does not reach maximum signal transduction even with full receptor occupancy and can act as an antagonist in the presence of a full agonist (Stahl, 2021). Antagonists, on the other hand, is a ligand that binds to a receptor inhibiting its agonist-stimulated response (Stahl, 2021). Inverse agonists are ligands that when binding to a receptor cause a decrease in signal transduction, thus, their effect is the opposite of an agonist (Stahl, 2021).

References

Alberts, B. (2002). Ion channels and the electrical properties of membranes. Molecular Biology of the Cell – NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26910/

Stahl, S. M. (2021). Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108975292

Response 2. 400 words

1.
Compare and contrast the two different major classes of ion channels.

To start this discussion board I would like to define what are ion channels. Ion channels are membrane proteins, which play a major role in regulating cellular excitability. There are 3 major ion channels but for this homework assignment, I will compare and contrast voltage-gated ion channels and Ligand-Gated Ion Channels (LGIC).

·
Ligand-gated ion channels open when a chemical ligand such as a neurotransmitter binds to the protein (Libretexts, 2023).

·
Voltage channels open and close in response to changes in membrane potential (Libretexts, 2023). Ion channels can be classified by how they respond to the environment.

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Ligand-gated ion channel’s permeability is greatly increased when some type of chemical ligand binds to the protein structure (Libretexts, 2023)

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Voltage-gated channels respond to disturbances in cell membrane potential and are highly selective for specific ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride (Ratan, 2018).

1.
Explain the difference between full agonists, partial agonists, antagonists, and inverse agonists.


Full agonists


Partial agonist


Antagonist


Inverse agonists

A molecule or chemical compound that can bind to a receptor and activate the receptor therefore causing a biological response (Agonist, partial agonist, antagonist, inverse agonist, 2019)

A molecule or chemical compound that can bind to a receptor and “weakly activate the receptor below maximum response (Agonist, partial agonist, antagonist, inverse agonist, 2019)

A molecule or chemical compound that binds to the receptor but does not cause any activation in the receptor, therefore not causing any biological response (Agonist, partial agonist, antagonist, inverse agonist, 2019)

Molecule of chemical compound that can bind to a receptor leading to deactivation, and decreasing the baseline activity of the receptor (Agonist, partial agonist, antagonist, inverse agonist, 2019)

 

 

 

 

References:

Agonist, partial agonist, antagonist, inverse agonist. PharmaEducation. (2023, August 11). https://pharmaeducation.net/agonist-partial-agonist-antagonist-inverse-agonist/

Libretexts. (2023, January 17). 10.5b: Ion Channels. Medicine LibreTexts. https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Anatomy_and_Physiology_(Boundless)/10%3A_Overview_of_the_Nervous_System/10.5%3A_Neurophysiology/10.5B%3A_Ion_Channels

Ratan , N. (2018, October 26). Types of ion channels in the body. News. https://www.news-medical.net/health/Types-of-Ion-Channels-

DIKW

 Give an explanation of how theoretical models and the concepts of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom relate to evidence-based practice in nursing. You must include 3 references to support your explanations. Be specific and provide examples. 

Healthcare statistics dp3

 There are many users, sources, and purposes for health care statistics. One of the significant sources of health care statistics is the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP, pronounced “H-Cup”). As the HCA, you mention this to your new CEO, but he says he is not familiar with it and asks you to put together a short description of it on how you and your colleagues make use of the data and information provided.

You will prepare a 400w description of HCUP for the CEO. Include the following in your description:

  • 1–2-sentence introduction to HCUP, including the agency that administers the project and its purpose
  • What types of data and reports are provided and who uses this resource.
  • An example of a report available to anyone on the site
    • Go to the Reports tab on the Home page. Click on the tab, and then select “HCUP Statistical Briefs – Chronological List.” 
    • From the list, choose a recent brief (the most recent are listed first in the list). 
    • Open and review the brief, and describe what it contains and the types of health care statistics and graphical presentations included in it (e.g., line graphs or pie charts).
  • Finish by including your thoughts about this Web resource and what you find valuable about it. 

Reply to your classmate

Hello Class,

Within my tenure as a nurse in Colorado's chronic disease unit, I had the privilege of caring for a patient who was facing complications associated with end-stage kidney disease, ultimately progressing toward the final stage of life. The patient's journey commenced with recurrent urinary tract infections that gradually deteriorated over time, resulting in the emergence of pyelonephritis. As the patient's condition worsened, they started to manifest fever, chills, flank pain, and profound fatigue.

Collaborating closely with the medical team, we commenced a proactive course of action by administering potent antibiotics and diligently overseeing the patient's vital signs and laboratory findings. Despite our best efforts, the infection persisted and evolved into sepsis, placing the patient in a critical condition. This unfortunate turn of events has placed the patient in a critical condition, requiring immediate attention and intensive care. The patient and their family were provided with information regarding the gravity of the situation, and conversations transitioned towards prioritising the patient's comfort and preserving their dignity during their final moments.

As the patient's health continued to decline, the family remained a steadfast source of support, offering emotional solace and actively engaging in care-related choices. During the patient's final hours, I had the privilege of observing the remarkable influence of advanced pain management, palliative care, and the comforting presence of the family. The serene passing of the patient emphasized the significance of managing end-stage complications through a collaborative approach involving various healthcare professionals and effective communication.

This experience has further strengthened my dedication to advocating for the desires of our patients, fostering transparent discussions regarding treatment choices, and delivering comprehensive care throughout the terminal phases of life. As a nurse, I acknowledge the honor of providing assistance to patients and their loved ones amidst difficult circumstances, and I hold onto this knowledge as a testament to the significant impact nurses have in the lives of those they attend to during this sensitive period of end-of-life care.

see below

see below

week 7 discussions

   

Week 7 Discussion Forum

    

  • Although we know you did not complete a full research project, you  completed the research proposal with an idea of what your actual results  could be. If you ever do complete a full research project, an important  step is making sure your research is published/disseminated so that  other nurse educator professionals can benefit from your hard work.  There are many ways to disseminate information in nursing as seen in  your text, including many different nursing journals. As a nurse  educator, you will engage in professional development and find  peer-reviewed information to share with your students. Think about your  proposal and where it might fit if it were published. Describe how you  would disseminate your work and the reasons for your choice.

Nursing Theory Week 5

Using the criteria presented in week 2, critique the theory of Self-Efficacy using the internal and external criticism evaluation process, use three references

SOAP note HTA

Hypertension