The kidneys are highly vascular organs that filter the blood, removing wastes for excretion and returning the rest of the blood to the vascular system. The functional units of the kidneys are nephrons, each composed of a glomerulus and a tubule. 

How is the GFR measured? What are the strengths and limitations of methods of determining GFR?

Often an incidental finding in children during a urinary tract infection workup, in vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), urine flows from the bladder back up the ureters.

Could you explain the mechanism of action of this abnormality in children?

Case #2 

A new female patient, C.Y. 32-year-old patient consults your office because she presents hirsutism, clitoral hypertrophy and menstrual dysfunction. She also stated she has gain weight lately. You suspect of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). 

• Discuss and described the pathophysiology and symptomology/clinical manifestations of Hyperandrogenism.
• Discuss three differential diagnoses for AUB with ICD 10 numbers for each.
• Discuss patient education.
• Develop the management plan (pharmacological and nonpharmacological). 

1. An effective health assessment incorporates not only physiological parameters; please suggest other parameters that should be considered and included on health assessments to reach maximal health potential on individuals.
2. Name the different family developmental stages and give examples of each one.
3. Describe family structure and function and the relationship with health care.

Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources. Your initial post is worth 8 points.